近地卫星Ka频段数传链路抗雨衰ACM模式设计

针对近地卫星数传时的信道时变性和严重的Ka频段雨衰现象，采用自适应编码调制（ACM）技术能够充分利用链路资源，相对于传统的固定编码调制方式，进一步提高了链路的数据吞吐量。提出了近地卫星Ka频段数传链路ACM模式设计方法，在降雨环境下建立Ka频段数传链路模型，根据信道状况确定ACM选用模式；采用基于导频符号的最大似然信噪比估计算法结合移动平均的平滑方法实现信道估计，有效地减小了估计值的波动。仿真结果表明，无论晴天还是雨天，采用提出的卫星数传链路ACM模式设计方法，能够在保证系统可靠性的同时获取较高的数据吞吐量。     

Ka频段自适应Turbo-OFDM技术

分析了Ka频段卫星通信信道的性能,建立了Ka频段自适应Turbo编码正交频分复用系统模型,提出了一种简洁的自适应Turbo-OFDM调制控制和编码控制算法,该算法可以兼顾系统性能和编码速率,得到较高的吞吐量和较低的误码率.仿真结果表明,采用自适应控制的Turbo-OFDM系统与没有采用自适应的系统相比较,在误码率为10...     

Ka频段卫星通信的信道特性及系统性能仿真

在Ka频段卫星通信系统中,大气、降雨、闪烁会引起地空链路信道质量的恶化.详尽分析了Ka频段卫星通信信道的电波传播特性,重点分析了降雨对减弱信号效率,增加接收系统噪声温度及改变信号极化方向等的影响,在此基础上建立了Ka频段卫星通信信道及Ka频段卫星通信信道模型仿真模型,并在Matlab环境下对Ka频段卫星通信信道模型的BER性能进行了仿真,为卫星通信链路分析及抗雨衰对策提供了理论依据.     

基于节约训练时隙的多中继协作通信分段信道估计

在多中继放大转发协作通信系统中,针对分段信道估计时需要增加额外的时隙来发送训练序列的问题,提出一种节约训练时隙的分段信道估计方法。该方法结合预编码技术和半盲信道估计技术,在源节点对数据序列进行预编码,使其与训练序列正交后叠加,在中继节点进行预编码,使不同中继间的训练序列彼此正交,进而估计出每条链路的信道信息值。仿真结果表明,提出的方法只需占用1个训练时隙,并可有效获取S→R链路和R→D链路每段链路的信道信息,且R→D链路的平均MSE估计性能比S→R链路大约有5 dB的优势,提高了系统的传输效率。     

基于离散降雨衰耗状态的卫星信道模型

针对Ka频段卫星信道中降雨衰耗的统计分布特点,建立了基于离散降雨衰耗状态的卫星信道模型,模型中各状态组成离散的Markov链并由其转移概率矩阵来表示,分析此模型下的信道误比特性能和数据包丢失性能。此模型能够适用于链路层以及高层通信协议。     

卫星通信系统中基于LDPC编码协同性能研究

文章提出在卫星移动通信系统中应用编码协同策略。分别建立卫星上、下行用户链路编码协同模型,仿真Rayleigh信道和Rician信道下基于LDPC编码的系统性能,并与单路未协同和传统两发一收分集系统进行性能比较。理论分析和仿真表明,采用LDPC编码协同策略相对于非协同时的系统性能有较大提升,虽然与分集系统性能有一定差距,但是其终端实现比较简单,在未来卫星移动通信系统中具有一定的应用前景。     

一种基于最小生成树的无线多跳网络信道分配算法

为提高无线多跳网络的吞吐量和传输可靠性,提出一种信道分配算法。该算法优先考虑最小生成树上的可用信道,为每个节点分配信道资源;然后考虑利用生成树外其他可用链路,为节点提供信道资源,以提高吞吐量。算法通过考虑每个用户的通信需求,可以充分利用空闲信道资源。仿真结果显示,相比于不考虑最小生成树外链路时,有效地提高了网络整体吞吐量。     

时频调制及其在短波低速数传中的应用

时频调制(FTSK)用于短波电路,逐渐受到重视。采用时频调制技术的低速报终端机正在逐步装备部队。经过通信试验,该机在规定的各种工作速率下,误码率均小于3×10~(-4),可通率在90％以上。比起老的移频终端(采用FSK调制),误码率下降了近二个数量级。把时频调制与纠错编码结合起来,可以进一步改善短波低速数传机的性能。我院无线电教研室采用抗突发错误编码与四时四频调制相结合的体制,并用微处理机来实现,作低速数传终端机,于1983年11月在线路上进行了试验,使用的是400WSSB电台。试验结果如表1。试验结果表明,采用时频调制,是改善短波信道低速数传质量的一个有效途径,时频调制与纠错编码相结合,可以进一步提高传输质量。纠错编码属于另一个课题,本篇只就时频调制作一扼要介绍。     

一种适用于UHF频段军事卫星通信的高效传输方案

特高频(UHF)频段由于其良好的通信性能,正愈发广泛地应用于军事卫星通信,尤其是卫星移动通信,然而由于该频段信道所受干扰和固有衰落的限制,UHF在卫星通信中的应用并非一帆风顺。如何提高系统通信容量及在干扰环境下的信道可用率是目前UHF频段军事卫星通信发展所面临的主要挑战。文章在分析UHF频段卫星通信特点的基础上,简要介绍了具有良好性能的低密度校验码(LDPC)码和连续相位调制(CPM)方式,并结合UHF频段的卫星信道特点,提出了一种新的发展对策——LDPC+CPM+FH的串行级联通信方案,最后对方案进行了建模和计算机仿真。     

降雨损耗对Q频段地球静止轨道下行链路I/N分布的影响

针对Q频段通信链路受降雨、云雾及大气吸收等天气条件影响较大的传播特性,基于对Q频段地球静止轨道卫星下行链路传播损耗的分析,研究降雨损耗在地球站共址的干扰场景下对I/N分布的影响。提出与降雨分布相结合的Q频段下行链路传播损耗计算方法,建立基于降雨衰减超出门限值的时间百分比p%的I/N函数模型,分析p%对I/N分布的影响,预测年均干扰分布情况。采用该计算方法对ITU实际登记的CHINASAT-G-115.5E卫星网络进行分析,结果表明：p%越低,通信链路受降雨衰减的影响越明显。当p<0.5时,衰减门限值变化较快;在地球站和干扰卫星轨道经度固定的情况下,p%越小,年均1-p%时间内I/N的最小值越小。该方法可应用到研究其他轨道卫星的干扰分布中,为干扰规避提供参考。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.