Al/H2O2作为无人水下航行器动力电池的研究

概述了Al/H2O2半燃料电池的原理及在水下无人航行器动力电源中的运用,系统分析了国内外在电极材料(包括阳极和阴极材料)、电解液和电解液补充优化系统几个方面的发展,提出了国内在这方面研究的重点技术和可能的解决途径.     

粒子滤波算法的关键技术应用

针对基于贝叶斯原理的序贯蒙特卡罗粒子滤波器出现退化现象的原因,以无敏粒子滤波(UPF)、辅助粒子滤波(ASIR)及采样重要再采样(SIR)等改进的粒子滤波算法为例,对消除该缺陷的关键技术(优化重要密度函数及再采样)进行了分析研究.说明通过提高重要密度函数的似然度、引进当前测量值、预增和复制大权值粒子等方式,可以有效改善算法性能.最后通过对一无源探测定位问题进行仿真,验证了运用该关键技术后,算法的收敛精度和鲁棒性得到进一步增强.     

利用零交叉点测量旋转弹磁方位角的试验方法

针对旋转弹在地磁空间运动时的环境条件,提出了基于零交叉点原理测量弹体磁方位角的模拟试验方法,并在不同的方位角、传感器倾角和转速等条件下进行了试验.试验结果表明,零交叉点原理可以实现弹体在地磁场中的角度测量,精度基本控制在±3°的范围内,并可进一步减小误差,但该原理也存在测量盲区,盲区范围与传感器倾角有关.     

带有氧化钨涂层的ITO平面电极在LB系列电解液中的阻抗分析

电致变色实验显示1 mol/L六氟磷酸锂与碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯和碳酸甲乙酯所混合形成的电解液(LB)系列是一类非常节能的电致变色电解液,它们能用很小的充电电流(20μA/cm2)使得氧化钨薄膜获得更长久、更好的变色性.研究氧化钨薄膜在LB系列电解液中的交流阻抗特性,有助于更好地理解氧化钨薄膜的变色性能.文中研究了带有氧化钨薄膜层的ITO平面电极处于LB系列电解液中的阻抗谱,分别得出了氧化钨薄膜和ITO电极的等效电路;测算出氧化薄膜的常相位角元件、薄膜电阻、韦伯电阻以及与ITO电极有关的电双层电容和电极电荷转移电阻.证实了LB315是性能优良的电解液.     

ITO及WO3在电解液中的交流阻抗特性

采用表面过程法拉第阻纳表达式方法与等效电路方法,研究透明ITO平面电极及带WO3薄膜层的ITO平面电极处于1 mol LiClO4丙烯碳酸酯电解液中的电化学阻抗谱.分析显示WO3薄膜层有效地阻止了表面吸附参量对ITO电极反应的影响,使电极反应仅受电极电位的影响,并且随WO3薄膜在电解液中浸泡时间的增加,WO3薄膜的常相位角元件的特性最终回归为电容效应.     

线阵CCD在机械微变距离测量中的应用

介绍了一种应用线阵CCD测量柴油机曲轴臂距差的原理和方法 .讨论了光杠杆原理在此测量系统中的应用 ,并结合实际分析了系统产生非线性误差的原因 ,给出了此测量系统非线性的处理方法 .     

GJB/Z 135-2002《引信工程设计手册》主要技术内容分析(六)

第12章其他装置设计本章的主要技术内容包括装定装置、自毁装置、延期装置、防雨装置的具体设计。1.装定装置(1)功能。包括选择和调整时间引信(机械或电子)的作用方式,作用时间和技术参数等。(2)分类。包括机械装置和电子装定装置。(3)应用特点。包括机械装定装置、电子装定装置、遥控装定装置和炮口感应装置的具体应用。(4)基本要求。包括装定精度高、装定速度快、装定可靠性高、维护性好、操作简单等。(5)装定扳手。包括装定扳手的应用特点及外形图。(6)机械时间引信装定机构。包括设计指南、结构设计等。给出了装定帽式装定机构、装定扳…     

大型铅蓄电池综合参数测试装置〈比重测量部分〉

一、概述大型铅蓄电池的电压、电解液比重、温度和液面高度是关系到电池正确使用的重要参数。以往一直用玻璃浮计、温度表、电压表及量尺进行测量,不仅测量方式落后,而且劳动强度大、工作条件差、测量精度难以保证。上述四个参数中,温度和液面的测量有多种结构可供借鉴,唯独比重测量比较困难,因为电解液有很大的腐蚀性,液体混浊,温度变化大,杂质含量较高,又要求测量装置有较高的测量精度和较小的体积。国内有利用光学性质制成的测量装置,由于其动态特性、互换性以及长期使用的可靠性等     

独立射击方式下目标速度求解

独立射击方式下,一般假设目标作匀速直线飞行,根据火炮角度传感器测量的高低角和方位角以及事先装定的开火距离,确定其射击诸元。对测量参数的计算公式进行研究,推导出开火时目标的速度公式。研究结果表明,这种计算目标速度的方法具有原理误差小,抗噪声能力较强的特点,有一定的实用价值。     

基于扭摆法的弹箭转动惯量测量仪

利用扭摆法的测量原理,分析了弹箭转动惯量测试中出现误差的主要原因;提出了多种提高测量精度的方法:按弹箭的质量划分不同类型的设备,分别进行结构设计;采用电磁释放机构,操作中尽可能保证样柱和弹丸的转动惯量大于空盘转动惯量的1/3.试验结果表明:这些方法极大地提高了系统的测量精度和效率,能够满足弹箭转动惯量测量的指标要求.所...     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.