掺镍氧化钨钼薄膜的阻抗特性

用溶胶凝胶的方法在ITO导电基片上制备了一组不同掺镍量的氧化钨钼薄膜,分别测量了该系统及ITO电极浸泡于1 mol氯化钠溶液中不同频率下的电化学阻抗,应用等效电路法模拟了该系统的阻抗谱,从而获得了有关掺镍薄膜的电阻、电容及溶液在薄膜内扩散等信息.研究表明,与ITO电极所产生的吸附层的等效元件参数相比较,掺镍氧化钨钼薄膜大大提高了ITO电极传输电荷的能力.     

氧化钨薄膜电致变色机理的探讨

研究磁控溅射生成的氧化钨薄膜处于电解液系列中的循环伏安特性,充电电流及光学特性.采用配体场理论来解释氧化钨薄膜在电场作用下,锂离子注入引起薄膜变色的现象,认为注入的锂离子破坏了薄膜界面层内氧化钨分子的八面体结构的对称性,在内部静电场和外部电场的共同作用下,钨离子d轨道的五重简并能级分裂,从而使得薄膜对可见光产生d-d吸收,导致氧化钨薄膜变色.     

ITO及WO3在电解液中的交流阻抗特性

采用表面过程法拉第阻纳表达式方法与等效电路方法,研究透明ITO平面电极及带WO3薄膜层的ITO平面电极处于1 mol LiClO4丙烯碳酸酯电解液中的电化学阻抗谱.分析显示WO3薄膜层有效地阻止了表面吸附参量对ITO电极反应的影响,使电极反应仅受电极电位的影响,并且随WO3薄膜在电解液中浸泡时间的增加,WO3薄膜的常相位角元件的特性最终回归为电容效应.     

脉冲电沉积微晶氧化镍的电致变色研究

氧化镍薄膜由于其良好的电致变色特性受到广泛的关注．作者研究了脉冲电沉积出的NiOx薄膜的电色特性,讨论了脉冲电沉积出的NiOx薄膜与恒流电沉积出的NiOx薄膜的区别．实验指出,脉冲电沉积出的NiOx薄膜的电色性能优于恒流电沉积出的NiOx薄膜．     

热处理对掺杂WO3的ITO薄膜性能的影响

用磁控溅射镀膜方法,制备掺杂WO3的ITO(xWO3-ITO)薄膜,经过热处理后对掺杂薄膜的表面形貌、吸收和透射光谱、面电阻等性能进行了测试.结果表明:适当的热处理能够提高xWO3-ITO薄膜在可见光范围内的透过率和在波长为228 nm处的吸光度.同时,该薄膜热处理后的方块电阻明显降低,导电性能得到明显提高.     

电致变色性和智能窗的发展及应用

对电致变色现象及机理、电致变色器件的构成、电致变色使用的材料等方面的国内外研究现状及发展趋势作了介绍和论述.最后对电致变色器件的应用前景作了展望.     

镧系配合物热致变色性能的研究(III)

甲基百里酚兰(MTB)与二甲酚橙(XO)同属三苯甲烷系列,它们与一些二价过渡金属离子形成螯合物水溶液热致变色作用已有研究;但MTB 与三价镧系离子(Ln~(3+))形成螯合物的热致变色作用的研究国内外还未见报导。本文在研究(除Pm 外)14种镧系离子(Ln~(3+))与二甲酚澄(XO)形成螯合物热致变色性能的基础上,进一步用分光光度法及逐步升温的目测法研究了MTB 与Ln(Ⅱ)生成Ln(Ⅱ)-MTB 螯合物水溶液的热致变色规律,探讨了介质酸度、温度对该体系热致变色作用的影响。研究结果表明,其热致变色机理与Ln(Ⅱ)-XO 体系类似。本文是为研制稀土示温材料所进行的基础研究工作之一部分。     

海洋低频电场传感器敏感电极材料的选择

选择了9种不同的电极材料,根据海洋环境下低频、极低频电场的自身特点,通过直流电阻、交流阻抗、电极对极差漂移3个方面对电极性能进行了测试,研究了其用于海洋环境低频电场弱信号探测的可行性,筛选出了适合海洋环境低频电场测量的电极材料,并从理论上进行了解释.结果表明,固态Ag/AgCl电极的直流电阻和交流阻抗均较小,且其极差漂移可控制在μV级,具有优良的极化效应和较低的极差漂移,是海洋环境低频电场探测的敏感电极材料.     

Al/H2O2作为无人水下航行器动力电池的研究

概述了Al/H2O2半燃料电池的原理及在水下无人航行器动力电源中的运用,系统分析了国内外在电极材料(包括阳极和阴极材料)、电解液和电解液补充优化系统几个方面的发展,提出了国内在这方面研究的重点技术和可能的解决途径.     

稀土配合物热致变色性能研究(VI)—稀土铬天青 S 配合物的热致变色性能

本文研究了BE(Ⅱ)-CAS 水溶液体系热致变色性能;探讨了酸度、温度等条件对体系热致变色性能的影响。实验结果表明该体系在特定条件下具有较明显的热致变色现象,且仅由配合物所产生,其特征是:体系受热时颜色由深色(玫瑰红)变为浅色(黄色);与RE(Ⅲ)-XO,RE(Ⅲ)-SXO 体系的色变趋向相反,达种差异性与螯合物分子的结构特征有关。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.