Operating Costs of Aging Air Force Aircraft: Adjusting for Aggregate Budget Effects

The rate at which operating costs grow as aircraft age is important for setting operating budgets and for deciding when to replace aging systems. While studies using data from the 1990's typically found 1–3 percent real rates of growth in operating costs as aircraft age, studies using data from the 2000's found greater rates, for example in the 4–6 percent range. Growth in the total U.S. Air Force budget during the 2000s appears to explain much of the higher estimated annual growth rates in operating costs per flying hour beyond the growth rate intrinsic to the aging of the fleet.     

陆战平台信息系统的主要交换分析

交换技术是陆战平台信息化的关键技术,未来陆战平台的交换呈现了一体化综合交换的趋势。对陆战平台的主要业务和交换需求进行了分析,阐述了当前的主要交换手段,并针对当前交换系统的设计现状提出了综合交换的设计思路,为陆战平台交换系统的设计提供了依据。     

Measuring hard power: China’s economic growth and military capacity

China’s rapid economic growth is facilitating massive increases in its military spending and causing increased security concerns in Asia and the Western Pacific. But there is uncertainty over how large China’s military spending is relative to other countries, or how fast it is growing in real terms. We address this issue by deriving a relative military cost price index based on the relative unit costs of inputs. We find that China’s real military spending is much larger than suggested by exchange rate comparisons, and even larger than standard purchasing power parity comparisons. We also find, however, that the real growth of China’s military spending has been smaller than conventionally thought. This is due to rapidly growing wages in China and the large share of personnel in China’s military budget.     

Optimal maintenance-repair policies for the machine repair problem

We consider a model with M + N identical machines. As many as N of these can be working at any given time and the others act as standby spares. Working machines fail at exponential rate λ, spares fail at exponential rale γ, and failed machines are repaired at exponential rate μ. The control variables are λ. μ, and the number of removable repairman, S, to be operated at any given time. Using the criterion of total expected discounted cost, we show that λ, S, and μ are monotonic functions of the number of failed machines M, N, the discount factor, and for the finite time horizon model, the amount of time remaining.     

DSP系统中WatchDog与UART的FPGA实现

卫星话音通信设备广泛采用了DSP+FPGA的系统结构。为了保证话音通信的工作模式随业务变化作自适应切换,需要和UART监控信道随时交换信息;同时,为保障系统安全可靠工作,还需采用故障监控WatchDog电路。文中研究了WatchDog和UART的FPGA设计实现过程,区别于传统方案中使用专用芯片MAX6701、TL16C550分别实现WatchDog、UART功能,直接利用声码板上现成的FPGA芯片Lattice 4256V-10T100I实现上述两功能,并在话音处理系统中进行了硬件测试。结果表明:与传统方案相比,文中方案具有资源利用率高、体积轻便、功耗低、系统配置方便等优点。     

Rethinking strategic culture: A computational (social science) discursive-institutionalist approach

ABSTRACT

The strategic culture approach has been suffering from a prolonged theoretical stalemate, despite a surge in case studies, which culminated in the Johnston-Gray debate and subsequent schism. The present paper outlines a new approach designed to overcome this deadlock, and consists of three arguments. First, the three previous generations of strategic culture studies have failed to explain how strategic culture influences behaviour. Second, aligning strategic culture theory-building with discursive institutionalism offers a way to overcome this fundamental fallacy. Third, a research programme for strategic culture should draw on computational social science to enable it to present and test middle-range theories.     

Revisiting the Defense–Growth nexus in European countries

This study revisits the long run and dynamic causal linkages between defense spending and economic growth in 15 selected European countries for the period 1988–2010 by utilizing recent developments in non-stationary panel data analysis. To this end, the series properties of per capita defense spending, per capita real capita stocks, and per capita real GDP are investigated by the panel unit root tests with and without breaks that support evidence on unit root. The panel cointegration tests with and without breaks are also subsequently employed to investigate whether there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between these three variables. Finally, our causality analysis from panel vector error-correction model suggests that there is a feedback relation between real capital stock and real GDP in both short and long run, a one-way Granger causality running from real GDP to defense spending in both short and long run, and defense spending only Granger causes real capital stock in the long run.     

Revenue management under randomly evolving economic conditions

We consider a dynamic pricing model in which the instantaneous rate of the demand arrival process is dependent on not only the current price charged by the concerned firm, but also the present state of the world. While reflecting the current economic condition, the state evolves in a Markovian fashion. This model represents the real‐life situation in which the sales season is relatively long compared to the fast pace at which the outside environment changes. We establish the value of being better informed on the state of the world. When reasonable monotonicity conditions are met, we show that better present economic conditions will lead to higher prices. Our computational study is partially calibrated with real data. It demonstrates that the benefit of heeding varying economic conditions is on par with the value of embracing randomness in the demand process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 66:73–89,2019     

面向语义的C2领域本体构建研究

联合作战对指挥控制系统之间的信息共享提出了更高的要求,要求指挥控制系统在一个互操作能力的高层次上能够交换信息。为了达到这种互操作的层次,不仅信息被交换,而且隐含在信息后面的语义也需要被交换。本体技术的发展为解决这一问题带来了新的途径。本文从指挥控制定义入手,介绍了三种典型的指挥控制领域本体构建方法,并对它们进行了比较分析;通过对构建方法的分析,总结了当前指挥控制领域本体构建方法存在的问题,为进一步的研究指挥控制领域本体构建指明了方法路子。     

面向GPU的非结构网格有限体积计算流体力学的图染色方法优化

采用图染色方法解决通量累加和局部最大压力计算引起的两种典型资源竞争问题,并通过共享内存的使用、体编号和面编号的重排、面数据的重排三种策略优化图染色方法。针对应用在空气动力学多种规模的三维网格,分别采用双精度和单精度操作数,在Nvidia Tesla V100和K80 GPU上,展开性能测试。结果表明:共享内存的优化效果不明显;体编号和面编号重排降低了图染色方法的计算性能;面数据重排可以有效地优化图染色方法;计算性能在V100上提高20%左右,在K80上提高15%左右。     

光电探测系统电源通用化设计与实现

为应对全天候、全天时实时使用要求,光电探测系统逐渐从功能单一的光电探测系统演变为多功能、多传感器的综合光电系统。因此,具体进行工程设计时,系统电源组件的技术指标要合理,满足系统使用要求。同时,组件维修、故障诊断、部件互换也要容易。针对此问题,基于描述的光电探测系统电源通用化设计原则,提出了一种可工程化设计方案。该方案对电源硬件结构设置、电源控制管理和电源功能扩展设计等进行了讨论,并给出具体设计方法。通过实际应用验证表明,该方案能够满足系统对电源组件的要求。     

A single server queue with arrival rate dependent on server breakdowns

This paper considers a single server queueing system that alternates stochastically between two states: operational and failed. When operational, the system functions as an M/E_k/1 queue. When the system is failed, no service takes place but customers continue to arrive according to a Poisson process; however, the arrival rate is different from that when the system is operational. The durations of the operating and failed periods are exponential with mean 1/cβ and Erlang with mean 1/cβ, respectively. Generating functions are used to derive the steady-state quantities L and W, both of which, when viewed as functions of c, decrease at a rate inversely proportional to c². The paper includes an analysis of several special and extreme cases and an application to a production-storage system.     

故障传播有向图在地面电源故障诊断的应用

基于图论的故障诊断方法能够有效地缩小故障源的搜索范围,在最短的时间内找到真正产生故障的部件。采用故障传播有向图的方法对某飞行器地面电源故障诊断算法进行了研究,针对该飞行器地面电源的物理结构及相关的电气特性得到其故障传播有向图,并经过一些运算后将有向图进行了分层重构,最后利用故障定位算法模拟了故障定位的过程,得到了很好的效果。     

系缆龙须角对筒型基础拖航影响试验

系缆龙须角是影响气浮筒型基础拖航的主要因素之一。通过模型试验对顺浪拖航时结构在横向、纵向以及垂向振荡的加速度、筒内气压力和水压力以及拖缆力进行测量。试验结果表明：拖航加速度随着系缆龙须角从0°增大到90°呈先减小后增大的趋势;龙须角为0°时,拖航的加速度、筒内气压力和水压力以及拖缆力变化均明显大于有角度拖航;拖缆力呈脉冲变化,且在45°时取得较小值。因此对于该结构的拖航,为了保证在拖航中既具有较小的拖缆力,又具有较小的横向和垂向振荡,建议选取系缆龙须角为45°。     

舰船航行监控变量的微机产生方法研究

通过建立舰船航行监控变量的数学模型,提出了一种基于微机的产生舰船航行监控变量的实现方法,经过实际运用表明,能有效地监视和实时控制舰船航行．     

某新型大口径机枪浮动技术研究

为研究大口径机枪的浮动技术,在深入分析的基础上针对某新型大口径机枪,设计方便可行且结构合理的弹簧式浮动机构.通过设置独特的复进打断装置,实现了浮动过程中稳定的前冲击发.建立机枪枪身的虚拟样机模型,通过与试验结果进行对比,验证了其可信性.利用所建立的虚拟样机模型对浮动与不浮动状态下的浮动自动机进行运动分析,并对2种状态下的后坐力进行对比.结果表明,该机枪浮动自动机能实现稳定的浮动,并且减后坐力效果明显.     

Dynamic Winner-Take-All Conflict

This paper empirically investigates the importance of financial and political variables in determining debt rescheduling probabilities in Turkey for 1955–2000. The problem of sovereign debt default and rescheduling has been the subject of substantial academic research during the last two decades. There has been criticism of models of developing countries’ indebtedness and rescheduling that rely solely on some economic or financial predictors related to country debt, the foreign exchange sector or the domestic economic situation. Using probit analysis, this paper indicates that financial variables are important determinants of rescheduling probabilities. However, political variables are not significant in our models.     

随机弱实时系统作业调度概率保证分析

随机弱实时系统与强实时系统的显著区别是 ,它不要求实时任务的每一项作业都满足时限要求 ,只要保证作业的时限延误率低于某一阈值 ,其总体执行性能就是可以接受的。提出了概率时间需求分析法 (PTDA) ,用于估计可剥夺静态优先级调度策略下周期性任务的作业满足时限约束的概率的下界 ,并通过一个具体的实例考察了下界的紧性。对实例系统的仿真结果表明 ,PTDA分析的误差小于 1 0 % ,计算速度快 ,可以为弱实时应用的设计提供重要的参考依据     

整数DCT(BinDCT)快速算法

设计和实现了基于提升结构的无乘法二进制DCT (BinDCT)的快速算法。该算法是在基于旋转变换的递归算法基础上设计的 ,并将传统的旋转变换的 3个提升矩阵乘积减少至 2个提升矩阵乘积 ,从而使算法的运算量比现有算法大为减少     

教师文化研究：检视与反思

教师文化研究对教师成长具有重要的意义,探寻教师文化是什么,其最终目的在于指导教师文化研究。然而笔者发现当人们追问教师文化是什么的时候,实质上已经遮盖了现实教师文化的本真意义。同时,由于人们遵循的是一种从寻找＂本质＂到解释教师文化的思考路径,采用的是自然科学的＂主客二分＂的认知模式,追求教师文化认识的确定性和绝对性,这就容易导致对现实教师文化研究的遮蔽与遗忘,从而使教师文化研究陷入纯粹的形而上的思辩。