在轨服务航天器任务指派问题

一个在轨服务可有多种服务选择,必须进行合理的任务指派。首先求解服务航天器满足燃耗约束下的可达区域,筛选出满足可达范围要求的目标航天器。然后,以任务执行时间、燃料消耗和航天器服务优先级为优化目标,研究多目标的任务指派问题。通过设计决策变量,考虑时间、燃耗等约束,建立了基于0-1整数规划的任务模型,采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法,求得问题的Pareto最优集,得到多组可供任务设计者选择自己偏好的折中方案。文章给出了两个多目标优化的仿真算例,算例一给出了任务指派的一般研究结论,算例二对比了另外一种算法：分层-加权法。仿真结果表明利用文章给出的方法可以较好地解决多目标下在轨服务任务指派问题。     

卫星对地观测任务全周期规划模型

为解决应急条件下卫星对地观测任务时间紧迫的问题,从卫星执行对地观测任务的全过程出发,提出了卫星对地观测任务全周期规划模型,综合考虑卫星完成任务的各个阶段,缩短整个任务的执行时间,使其满足应急条件下的时间需求。采用启发式算法求解,并研究了基于冲突队列的解的调整优化策略。实验验证所提的模型和算法能够较好地解决卫星对地观测任务规划问题,在时间紧迫的条件下与传统的各阶段的独立任务规划相比,能够提高任务的完成率,具有实际的应用价值。     

基于深度强化学习的无人机实时航迹规划

随着无人机技术的应用和发展,无人机执行任务的飞行环境愈发复杂多变,对无人机机动避障能力和航迹规划的实时性提出了更高的要求。基于泛化性较好、对环境依赖弱的深度强化学习算法,以雷达实时获取的障碍物地图信息为基础进行实时路径规划,针对二维航迹规划问题特点设计了连续奖励函数,解决了强化学习算法在二维平面航迹规划中奖励稀疏的问题;基于迁移学习的思想设计多个训练环境,并按任务的难易程度进行分步训练,降低了算法的训练难度,提高了训练效果,并使算法的收敛效果更加稳定。在实验中将SAC算法与目前主流的PPO和TD3算法进行对比,实验结果表明：SAC算法收敛速度快,实时性好,航迹平滑度更好。     

面向动作序列的敏捷卫星任务规划问题

针对新一代敏捷卫星对地观测任务规划问题,考虑了直拍直传、立体成像、多条带拼接等复杂任务需求和观测、数据下传、对日定向等九种卫星动作,在任务规划的同时进行卫星动作规划。设计并实现了前瞻启发式构造算法,算法满足卫星存储、能量等复杂约束,在前瞻过程中每次决定当前任务是否安排。采用基于专家知识的多种启发式规则决定任务安排与安排卫星动作序列。仿真实例及实际工程应用表明,算法可以在很短的时间内给出较好的结果,证明了本文方法对于敏捷卫星任务规划问题的适用性。     

基于分层目标任务网络的作战任务规划方法

为提高复杂非结构化作战环境下作战系统规划能力,提出一种新的分层任务网络智能规划方法 HGTN(Hierarchical Goal-Task Network),给出了HGTN的形式化定义,研究了HGTN规划算法,以及启发式搜索算法和目标推理规划算法。HGTN在HTN(Hierarchical Task Network)规划方法基础上,增加了目标任务和相关处理方法,具备基于目标的逆向推理机制。通过作战任务规划实例分析,HGTN规划方法相对HTN,能够提高规划的适用性和求解效率,符合作战决策推理的思维模式。     

基于MPSO的地面防空群维修任务规划研究

针对地面防空群的维修任务规划问题,建立维修任务规划流程,以维修任务的优先级、维修时间和维修保障资源消耗为目标,建立了地面防空群维修任务规划模型,根据战场环境特点,基于置信度法确定多目标参量的权重,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标问题,并采取改进的自适应粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解。通过实例验证,该方法在收敛速度及求解结果质量上均优于传统粒子群算法,可以有效解决地面防空群的维修任务规划问题,对部队维修保障决策具有一定的参考价值。     

智能临机规划技术要点研究

本文从临机规划当前面临的难点问题出发,提出临机规划的智能发展需求,初步描述了临机规划问题,根据“快算”“盲评”“会变”三项能力要求,指出智能临机规划技术研究的关键特征是智能体设计与应用两个阶段的人机耦合,并明确了构建典型场景下可分层调度的任务框架、从军事专家到智能体的知识传导路径、兼容人工算法调用与机器自主学习的分层深度强化学习算法框架三点核心技术要求,基于当下智能博弈技术进展,提出了深度嵌入指挥员临机规划决策“OODA”回路各环节的智能临机规划技术设想。最后,从智能临机规划技术实现角度出发,提出了研究的总体目标、重点研究问题以及研究路线建议,并展望了未来智能临机规划技术的应用前景。     

任务配置指派模型全局优化问题

基于主从决策问题,研究了配置问题的指派模型以及全局优化算法。建立了基于期望效果下的混合整数双层模糊机会约束规划的主从决策模型,讨论了模型建立的理论依据与算法。以海军作战实体的3个作战部队为编成,拟完成一项布雷封锁任务为例,基于联合作战实体的打击效能指数,给出了约束中含有模糊区间值的混合双层规划问题,得到了双层模糊规划模型的全局优化解。     

面向协同区域反恐侦察的无人机集群规划与控制

以无人机集群协同侦察多个区域内潜在的恐怖分子为背景,提出了一种基于贪婪算法的求解思路,设计了任务分配-路径规划-跟踪控制的算法流程,解决了面向协同区域反恐侦察的无人机集群规划与控制问题。首先,设计任务分配算法,为无人机分配任务区域,解决多无人机多目标的任务分配问题;然后,每一架无人机进行路径规划,生成从当前点到任务区域以及在任务区域侦察的组合路径;再使用追踪虚拟目标点的方法,使无人机沿着规划航线飞行。任务分配-路径规划-跟踪控制在线滚动执行,使无人机集群协同执行反恐侦察任务。对上述算法进行了数值仿真,并基于开源仿真平台搭建复合翼无人机协同仿真环境,进一步验证了算法流程。     

基于DoDAF的空间机器人作战视图研究

介绍了基于DoDAF的体系结构建模方法,采用System Architect工具对空间机器人在轨服务进行了可视化建模,得到了典型的作战视图产品;分析了在轨服务任务单元之间的协同关系,研究了空间机器人在轨服务流程,对空间机器人的在轨服务研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Openshop scheduling under linear resources constraints

Consider n jobs (J₁, …, J_n), m working stations (M₁, …, M_m) and λ linear resources (R₁, …, R_λ). Job J_i consists of m operations (O_i1, …, O_im). Operation O_ij requires P_k(i, j) units of resource R_k to be realized in an M_j. The availability of resource R_k and the ability of the working station M_h to consume resource R_k, vary over time. An operation involving more than one resource consumes them in constant proportions equal to those in which they are required. The order in which operations are realized is immaterial. We seek an allocation of the resources such that the schedule length is minimized. In this paper, polynomial algorithms are developed for several problems, while NP-hardness is demonstrated for several others. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 51–66, 1998     

基于概念模型的仿真模型调度决策法

仿真模型调度决策是实现仿真结果合理、可信、可用的重要环节。界定了模型调度决策问题域,引入了模型调度序列表示决策结果,提出了基于UML(unified modeling language)概念模型的模型调度决策法,分析了防空作战仿真模型调度决策示例,为解决舰艇作战仿真模型的调度决策提供可行办法,对复杂军事问题仿真模型调度决策具有一定的理论意义。     

Optimization of schedule stability and efficiency under processing time variability and random machine breakdowns in a job shop environment

The ability to cope with uncertainty in dynamic scheduling environments is becoming an increasingly important issue. In such environments, any disruption in the production schedule will translate into a disturbance of the plans for several external activities as well. Hence, from a practical point of view, deviations between the planned and realized schedules are to be avoided as much as possible. The term stability refers to this concern. We propose a proactive approach to generate efficient and stable schedules for a job shop subject to processing time variability and random machine breakdowns. In our approach, efficiency is measured by the makespan, and the stability measure is the sum of the variances of the realized completion times. Because the calculation of the original measure is mathematically intractable, we develop a surrogate stability measure. The version of the problem with the surrogate stability measure is proven to be NP‐hard, even without machine breakdowns; a branch‐and‐bound algorithm is developed for this problem variant. A tabu search algorithm is proposed to handle larger instances of the problem with machine breakdowns. The results of extensive computational experiments indicate that the proposed algorithms are quite promising in performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

A stochastic programming approach for chemotherapy appointment scheduling

Chemotherapy appointment scheduling is a challenging problem due to the uncertainty in premedication and infusion durations. In this paper, we formulate a two‐stage stochastic mixed integer programming model for the chemotherapy appointment scheduling problem under limited availability of nurses and infusion chairs. The objective is to minimize the expected weighted sum of nurse overtime, chair idle time, and patient waiting time. The computational burden to solve real‐life instances of this problem to optimality is significantly high, even in the deterministic case. To overcome this burden, we incorporate valid bounds and symmetry breaking constraints. Progressive hedging algorithm is implemented in order to solve the improved formulation heuristically. We enhance the algorithm through a penalty update method, cycle detection and variable fixing mechanisms, and a linear approximation of the objective function. Using numerical experiments based on real data from a major oncology hospital, we compare our solution approach with several scheduling heuristics from the relevant literature, generate managerial insights related to the impact of the number of nurses and chairs on appointment schedules, and estimate the value of stochastic solution to assess the significance of considering uncertainty.     

Open shop scheduling to minimize the number of late jobs

We develop polynomial algorithms for several cases of the NP-hard open shop scheduling problem of minimizing the number of late jobs by utilizing some recent results for the open shop makespan problem. For the two machine common due date problem, we assume that either the machines or the jobs are ordered. For the m machine common due date problem, we assume that one machine is maximal and impose a restriction on its load. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 525–532, 1998     

A heuristic for the two‐machine no‐wait openshop scheduling problem

In this paper the problem of minimizing makespan in a two‐machine openshop is examined. A heuristic algorithm is proposed, and its worst case performance ratio and complexity are analyzed. The average case performance is evaluated using an empirical study. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 129–145, 1999     

集中控制混合网络中基于流的资源分配算法

集中控制混合网络中,异构化网络内部的流量具有一定的规律和特性,如果使用原有的单一的离散式最大极值和无状态的网络资源调度算法,忽略了异构网络规律,会造成网络利用率较低、易震荡、部分网络流延迟等问题。通过分析由集中控制网络和普通网络组成的混合网络的拓扑结构,对混合网络结构中常见问题如流闪现、不能估计的流、路径堵塞或连接震荡场景进行分析,并提出基于期望和状态的流量评价资源规划算法POS和POS-FME。算法考虑混合网络的运行状态,对系统可用资源进行评估,为系统中各种流匹配对应可用资源,并具有一定的预测作用,从而避免混合网络出现运行效率低下的场景。通过实验,POS算法和POS-FME算法相对传统算法,利用率提高了10%～30%,并降低了震荡和平均延迟。     

Multidirectional scheduling scheme in resource‐constrained project schedulingproblem

In 2000, Klein showed that bidirectional scheduling schemes (bidss) outperform single‐directional scheduling schemes (e.g., forward or backward schemes). In 2010, Yoosefzadeh, et al. [J Math Model Algor 9 (2010), 357–373] showed that depending on the nature of the problems and also the type of priority rules used, schedules produced by a so‐called tridirectional scheduling scheme (trdss) yields shorter makespans when compared to forward, backward, and even bidss. Since the justification technique is applied in many of the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms nowadays, we show that the tuned version of the trdss outperforms the double justification technique. Moreover, we investigate the circumstances under which the trdss is more probable to generate schedules with shorter makespans. To this end, we introduce a new measure of resource requirements and their distributions, namely total amount of overflows. Our analytical as well as empirical investigations show that when the new measure is increased, it is more probable to obtain schedules with shorter makespans using the trdss. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 44–55, 2014     

Cyclic preference scheduling for nurses using branch and price

This paper presents a new methodology to solve the cyclic preference scheduling problem for hourly workers. The focus is on nurse rostering but is applicable to any organization in which the midterm scheduling decision must take into account a complex of legal, institutional, and preferential constraints. The objective is to strike a balance between satisfying individual preferences and minimizing personnel costs. The common practice is to consider each planning period independently and to generate new rosters at the beginning of each. To reduce some of the instability in the process, there is a growing trend toward cyclic schedules, which are easier to manage and are generally perceived to be more equitable. To address this problem, a new integer programming model is presented that combines the elements of both cyclic and preference scheduling. To find solutions, a branch‐and‐price algorithm is developed that makes use of several branching rules and an extremely effective rounding heuristic. A unique feature of the formulation is that the master problem contains integer rather than binary variables. Computational results are reported for problem instances with up to 200 nurses. Most were solved within 10 minutes and many within 3 minutes when a double aggregation approach was applicable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007.     

卫星数传调度模型研究

卫星数传调度问题是一个具有多时间窗口、多资源约束的优化问题。针对该问题,建立了卫星数传需求模型、任务模型和调度模型。在建模过程中,采用了框架模型形式,把问题中的主要约束封闭于每个数传任务中,这在降低调度模型复杂度的同时,也降低了调度算法设计难度。还提出了调度算法设计思想,并设计了一基于灵活度的调度算法。仿真表明,所建立的模型及算法对解决卫星数传调度问题是可行的。