实现政治工作指挥手段信息化的目标与途径

信息化是新军事变革的本质和核心。适应中国特色的新军事变革 ,政治工作要提供强大的精神动力 ,必须要实现其指挥手段的信息化。本文提出政治工作指挥手段“三化维度”的目标 ,即 :指挥系统网络化、信息处理实时化、辅助决策智能化 ,并提出实现政治工作指挥手段信息化的主要方式     

基于映射分析方法的打击目标选择研究

目标系统是一个能够产生相互影响的有机整体,分析目标系统,发现目标系统的内部联系,对于作战指挥决策、实施目标选择与打击有着重要的意义。分析了基于价值的目标选择与打击方法存在的不足和对目标选择与打击的影响。根据目标系统的网络特征,运用映射思想,提出一种映射结构,把目标和目标系统映射到虚目标及其组成的系统,由虚目标价值求取目标系统价值和目标对系统的价值,解决了目标价值难以计算以及动态变化后计算不够准确的问题,为目标选择与打击提供了可靠的依据。以某军事通信目标系统为例进行分析,验证了映射方法的可行性和正确性。     

利用计算机辅助烟幕保障指挥:暨“烟幕保护指挥辅助决策系统“简介

论述高技术条件下利用计算机辅助烟幕保障指挥的必要性,从实战需要出发提出了烟幕保障指挥辅助决策系统的设计构想和技术原理。介绍新近研究成果,“烟幕保障指挥辅助决策系统”的主要内容和特点。     

点状保卫目标的空袭规模预测模型

现代空袭作战已成为结构破坏战,各类政治、经济、军事指挥中心、侦察预警设施,交通枢纽等点状目标已成为敌空袭的首选目标,而如何准确、可靠地预测点状保卫目标的空袭规模是防空作战的首要问题和难点。把点状保卫目标分为立体类目标、平面类目标、地下类目标,根据每类点状目标的特性,构建其相应的空袭规模预测模型,通过算例分析,该模型具有较高的可信度,能为各种辅助决策系统和指挥自动化系统提供决策支持。     

战役辅助决策系统功能需求研究

指挥信息系统作为现代作战体系的"神经中枢",在战役指挥中发挥着越来越重要的作用,而辅助决策系统作为指挥信息系统的核心,对其功能需求的研究非常重要.从战役学、作战指挥学和军事运筹学等基本理论着眼,对战役层次辅助决策系统的功能需求进行了研究,对系统应具备的功能进行了研究.     

“人权卫士”的野蛮行径

北约空袭南联盟是打着“人权卫士”的旗号进行的,并反复强调空袭目标都是经过严格筛选后确定的,仅仅打击军事目标,决不打击非军事目标,更不会攻击南联盟人民。事实是在78天的空袭中,北约不仅对南军事指挥、控制、通信     

炮兵火力决策专家系统

军事运筹学的特点是用数学模型精确地处理军事指挥中的决策问题,但军事指挥上许多问题很难定量化和数学化。本系统依靠人工智能技术和数学模型相结合的方法为炮兵指挥员在火力决策中提供专家水平的判断和决策。系统采用框架与规则结合的形式表示战场态势和军事专家知识,推理策略是目标驱动,利用元规则指导规则选择。系统根据输入的战场情况,自动推理、判断和决策,并解释所作出的判断和决策。系统用逻辑程序设计语言Turbo—PROL 实现。     

坦克目标威胁程度评估

以军事理论和层次分析法为基础,将一种新的归一化效用函数应用于坦克目标的威胁程序评估,为地面作战自动化指挥提出了一种辅助决策方法。     

精确指挥作战指挥变革的“重心”

在近期的高技术局部战争中,以高技术作战平台为牵引,以精确制导武器为主导的“精确战”作战模式已经出现。对战场目标进行精确侦察、定位、控制,对各种作战力量进行精确指挥,对作战目标实施全程、全域、全时空的高效打击,将成为信息化战争的突出特征。因而,“精确指挥”将成为未来作战指挥的必然趋势。一、新的战争形态催生“精确指挥”随着信息化、数字化、网络化、自动化和智能化等技术在军事领域的广泛应用,战争形态将会发生根本性的变化。这种新的战争形态必然导致作战指挥的变革,使“精确指挥”日益凸现。一是“精确打击”需要“精确指…     

陆战场装甲目标细粒度识别技术

智能化作为新的改变战争游戏规则的颠覆性技术,成为世界各军事强国的发展重点。当前,智能化可以实现对陆战场军事装甲目标的自动识别,但是现有识别任务主要是粗粒度的目标类别识别,缺乏细粒度的目标识别。本文针对陆战场军事装甲目标细粒度识别任务,提出了一种适用于无人作战平台的轻量化细粒度目标识别方法,并初步验证了方法的可行性和有效性,基于此,提出了无人作战平台的新的作战运用。该方法可辅助操作人员进行陆战场装甲目标识别的决策判断,或提供无人打击武器自主打击的判断能力。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.