雷达校正的导弹捷联式惯性中制导性能分析

本文通过计算导弹导引头在中制导段末端的指向角误差来研究舰射导弹对付空中目标的中制导性能。在截获时间里导引头指向角误差是导弹导航位置和姿态误差的函数。通过研究自由惯性飞行和舰载雷达增强的惯性飞行,得到了导弹导航误差。还考虑研究了不同的调整技术,并把几个惯性器件的误差预算包括在性能分析中。根据舰载雷达在修正时问和间隔范围内而作的导弹位置修正是随参数而变化的。所获得的结果给出:相对于导弹一目标视线的导引头指向角误差是舰上的调整技术、导引头截获范围,雷达校正频率和惯性系统品质的函数。     

利用辅助信息实现空中方位失准角的实时修正

探讨地空导弹速率捷联式惯性导航系统利用地面雷达信息实现空中实时方位对准的技术途径。通过数字仿真方法,给出基于给定雷达测量精度条件下当导弹、目标、雷达三者处于不同空间位置时对初始方位失准角的修正能力分析;同时讨论空中实时方位对准过程对雷达信息量的需求和修正开始时间点的选择问题。     

舰艇姿态对雷达测量误差的影响分析

为了研究舰艇姿态对雷达测量误差的影响,分析了雷达测量过程中引入舰艇姿态误差的机理.。采用对误差传递过程进行建模的方法,建立了包含舰艇姿态因素的雷达测量误差模型。通过该模型分析了舰艇姿态角误差对雷达测量目标距离、方位角和高低角误差的不同影响,得出雷达测距误差不受姿态角误差影响,方位角误差与艏向角误差呈线性关系,高低角误差受纵摇角与横摇角误差影响,并随目标方位按正弦规律变化的结论。计算机仿真结果验证了结论的正确性。     

反辐射导弹目标视线角解算抗关机制导方案

提出了一种被动雷达导引头与捷联惯导系统相结合的复合抗关机制导方案。该方案利用捷联惯导系统提供的导弹运动信息及目标雷达关机时导引头的观测信息,对目标视线角进行解算,从而保证导弹在目标雷达关机后仍能继续沿预定弹道飞行,同时保证目标雷达再次开机时导引头对目标的可靠捕获。     

多路径效应下脉冲多普勒雷达导引头性能研究

多路径效应能增大导引头对目标的检测和跟踪误差,是导引头的重要研究内容。从脉冲多普勒雷达导引头利用其多普勒频率选择能力检测运动目标的固有特性着手,根据脉冲多普勒雷达导引头弹目空间几何关系,建立了多路径效应产生影响的多路径回波和直接回波信号的多普勒频差模型,并仿真了多普勒频差与导引头波长、飞行高度、弹目距离、弹目相对速度等因素的相互关系,为脉冲多普勒雷达导引头规避多路径效应的影响,实现远距离发现目标和低空突防提供了参考方法。     

基于姿态角变化的目标体坐标系下雷达视线的研究

考虑目标姿态角对目标跟踪/识别中的雷达RCS值的影响,建立了雷达测量坐标系与目标体坐标系之间的坐标转换模型.将雷达转换为姿态角不断变化的目标体坐标系下一点,研究雷达视线在目标体坐标系下的方位和高低角.利用Matlab对其进行仿真,得出雷达视线方位和高低角随时间变化的曲线,有效验证了坐标转换模型的正确性和重要性.     

UKF在反辐射无人机抗目标雷达关机中的应用

基于捷联惯导/反辐射导引头组合抗目标雷达关机制导方案,研究了UKF方法在对目标雷达被动定位中的应用.针对反辐射导引头测角存在非线性特性的特点,提出了一种基于扩展状态变量维数的方法同时实现目标状态估计和导引头非线性特性补偿.仿真结果表明,UKF方法与传统的EKF方法相比具有更高的定位精度.     

自主拦截无人机作战效能建模与影响因素分析

在自主拦截无人机初始设计阶段,为了更合理地对其总体设计指标进行分配,避免某些性能指标过高,在低成本下有更好的作战效能,采用HAHAYEB方法建立了拦截空中预警机的某自主拦截无人机的作战效能模型,利用计算结果对主要影响因素进行了分析。分析结果表明:导引头视场角、制导精度、隐身性能、飞行速度和战斗部特性对自主拦截无人机作战效能影响显著;自主拦截无人机要达到90%甚至100%的任务完成概率,其导引头视场角要达到30°,雷达反射截面积RCS≤0.05,突防距离要大于50 km,飞行速度要在3.5 Ma～4.5 Ma之间,巡航高度要在15 km以上,遭遇高度在10 km左右,战斗部威力半径大于20 m,制导误差要小于5 m。     

单脉冲雷达导引头角度跟踪环路半实物仿真

单脉冲雷达导引头具有全天候的自动搜捕及跟踪能力,对作战平台的威胁极大,也是平台自卫式干扰的重点。根据平台自卫式干扰效果仿真试验的需求,以单脉冲雷达导引头半实物仿真为立足点,重点介绍了比幅和差单脉冲雷达导引头角度跟踪环路半实物仿真工程实现的关键技术,最后结合具体试验对单脉冲雷达导引头角度跟踪环路性能进行了验证分析。     

以单脉冲雷达对海上低仰角目标进行准确跟踪

引言当以单脉冲雷达跟踪仰角大约小于一个波宽目标时,雷达系统“看见”目标及其影象并试图使分成信号为零。雷达或是在一中间位置振荡或是明显随机地在超越水平线大约一个波宽角度上振荡。在这些条件下雷达因此会丢失目标跟踪。多路径存在条件下单脉冲雷达性能分析除非方位和俯仰跟踪通道中存在交叉干扰,否则忽略方位跟踪误差这里只考虑俯仰通道跟踪误差。多路径存在条件下从传统的单脉冲雷达可得的Σ和△通道两倍信号是来自如图1     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.