噪声干扰对主被动复合导引头失效机理分析

近年来,一些新的雷达抗干扰技术的出现,对传统的干扰技术构成了严峻的挑战,在试验中出现了一些常见的干扰方法对特定雷达干扰失效的情况。故分析干扰方法失效机理,对改进干扰方式、升级干扰装备具有重要的意义。以自卫式噪声干扰对主被动复合导引头干扰失效为例,首先介绍了主被动复合导引头工作原理,接着分析自卫式噪声压制干扰对主被动复合导引头失效原因,而后建立噪声干扰信号模型,并利用导引头仿真平台,进行攻防对抗仿真,验证理论分析的结果。     

两点源对单脉冲雷达角度欺骗干扰的仿真与分析

两点源干扰是对单脉冲雷达实施角度欺骗的重要手段,包括拖曳式诱饵,交叉眼干扰等.两点源干扰在实施过程中由于其功率比,相位差,对雷达的张角及跟踪雷达波束宽度的不同,可形成不同的干扰效果.通过计算机仿真,综合讨论了各因素对干扰效果的影响,分析了拖曳式诱饵和交叉眼干扰的干扰机理.     

单脉冲雷达导引头对抗投放式诱饵技术研究

为提高单脉冲雷达导引头对投放式诱饵干扰的检测和分辨性能,利用投放式诱饵干扰情况下单脉冲比的概率分布特性,采用基于奈曼-皮尔逊准则的GLRT检测方法来进行干扰的检测;在干扰信噪比未知情况下通过顺序估计目标和诱饵信噪比进而估计目标DOA的方法对目标和诱饵进行分辨.仿真结果证实了对诱饵的检测和分辨算法的有效性.     

红外成像导引头抗干扰性能评估方法

给出了一种对地面复杂干扰环境的红外成像导引头抗干扰性能评估方法,分析了红外成像导引头所面临的干扰因素,结合实际战场情况对干扰环境的等级进行了划分,并详细设计了红外成像导引头抗干扰性能仿真测试方案。采用半实物仿真方法得到红外成像导引头在不同干扰环境下的实验数据,运用bayes估计的方法建立红外成像导引头抗干扰概率计算模型。结合某实物红外成像导引头开展抗干扰性能半实物仿真测试,实验结果验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

噪声干扰对抗单脉冲末制导雷达技术研究

反舰导弹末制导雷达越来越多地采用单脉冲角跟踪技术,舰艇须结合自身特点,采取有效的对抗措施.针对噪声干扰对抗单脉冲末制导雷达的可行性进行了分析,建立了噪声干扰模型、角度跟踪误差估算模型和雷达发现概率计算模型,并用Matlab进行仿真验证,得出了噪声干扰通过破坏雷达角跟踪系统而有效干扰单脉冲末制导雷达的结论,并根据所给参数推算出此时所需的干扰机功率大小.     

交叉极化干扰对探测跟踪雷达测角影响研究

在现代防御体系中,对目标进行准确的角度测量是进行有效探测跟踪的前提。研究了交叉极化干扰对极化匹配单脉冲阵列雷达测角影响。首先阐述了阵列雷达极化匹配单脉冲测角方法,分析了回波极化状态估计和虚拟极化匹配接收2个关键环节。然后,理论分析了交叉极化干扰对极化匹配单脉冲阵列雷达测角影响,从数学上证明了该干扰可带来极化匹配测角的误差,导致测角精度下降,并给出了交叉极化干扰对极化匹配单脉冲阵列雷达测角影响流程图。最后,对极化阵列雷达的测角性能进行了交叉极化干扰仿真,得到了RMSE随交叉极化干扰强度的变化曲线。仿真结果表明,交叉极化干扰会导致阵列雷达测角性能的下降,并随着交叉极化干扰强度的增大测角误差越来越大。     

舰载单脉冲跟踪雷达数学建模与仿真

根据典型舰载单脉冲跟踪雷达的组成及工作原理,介绍一种舰载单脉冲跟踪雷达仿真建模方法。重点描述了仿真原理及仿真模型组成,介绍了雷达信号特性仿真、雷达伺服系统仿真、雷达信号处理系统仿真等关键环节的数学仿真模型。结合仿真软件功能需求,给出了软件结构、软件运行流程等仿真软件设计要点。     

W波段雷达导引头低剖面单脉冲天线研究

为降低W波段毫米波雷达导引头单脉冲天线的体积和加工难度,设计了一种新型雷达导引头低剖面单脉冲径向线缝隙阵列天线(MPRLSA).该天线由矩形波导一径向线变换器、径向线缝隙阵列和平面和差网络组成.使用遗传算法和电磁场仿真软件相结合的方法自动优化设计导引头单脉冲天线各个部件,给出了优化前后和差方向图.仿真性能满足使用要求.     

自卫式干扰火控雷达网测向交叉定位精度分析

针对自卫式干扰条件下火控雷达网的目标定位问题,依据测向交叉定位原理,建立了火控雷达网测向交叉三维定位模型,分析了影响测向交叉定位性能的各种误差源,在此基础上,建立了火控雷达网测向交叉三维定位精度模型,以此对自卫式干扰下火控雷达网的定位精度进行仿真分析,验证了在自卫式干扰条件下,火控雷达网采用测向交叉定位方法可以有效地对...     

机载自卫干扰对抗跟踪制导雷达策略研究

分析了空—地攻防对抗环境,研究了机载自卫干扰装备对抗防空导弹跟踪制导雷达进而掩护飞机突防的作战机理,并进行了仿真计算。针对攻防对抗过程中机载自卫干扰装备的干扰使用方式,依据不同干扰样式下对雷达作用效果不同设计了2种干扰策略,并给出了具体应用,为机载自卫干扰装备的实际运用提供参考和借鉴。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.