合金中痕量钴镍的极谱连测体系研究

在 pH=10.0的NH_3·H_2O—NH_4Cl 介质中,Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)与间氯偶氮安替比林(m-CAA)、联吡啶(Dipy)、二苯胍(DPG)生成络合物。分别于-0.81V(vs.SCE)、-0.93V(vs.SCE)出现两个灵敏极谱吸附波。在最佳实验条件下,Co(Ⅱ)离子浓度在6.5×10~(-8)—3×10~(-6)mol/L、Ni(Ⅱ)离子浓度在3.0×10~(-8)—3.7×10~(-6)mol/L 范围内呈线性关系。试验了三十多种离子的干扰影响,用多种电化学方法研究了电极反应机理,该法用于合金中痕量钴镍的同时测定,结果满意。     

常压干燥制备疏水SiO2气凝胶

以聚二乙氧基硅氧烷(PDEOS)为原料,用甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)对制得的醇凝胶进行表面改性,经乙醇和正己烷洗涤,在常压条件下干燥后得到疏水二氧化硅气凝胶.研究表明溶胶-凝胶体系中各组分的最佳配比为C2H5OH∶PDEOS∶HF∶H2O=20∶10∶3∶0.5(重量比);当MTES/ PDEOS(重量比)大于1.2时,经表面改性的疏水二氧化硅气凝胶与水的接触角大于110°,其密度和比表面积分别在125～160kg/m3和560～900m2/g范围.     

亚硝化单胞菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

通过对含有亚硝化菌的活性污泥进行富集,分离得到6株亚硝化菌,对其中降解效果最好的YS6菌株进行鉴定和降解特性研究.结果表明:该菌为亚硝化单胞菌(Nitro-somonas sp.),最适碳源为CaCO3和NaHCO3混合物(含C的质量比为1:1),最适温度30.0℃,最适pH值8.0,250 mL锥形瓶的最佳装瓶量50.0 mL,最佳接种量12×109个.     

餐厨垃圾热风干燥过程特性及模拟

为了考察不同温度(60～100℃)对2种餐厨垃圾在热风干燥过程中的水分变化规律及动理学特性的影响,利用7个数学模型对餐厨垃圾干燥过程的水分变化规律进行了拟合对比。结果表明:温度是影响干燥的重要因素。干燥温度越高,餐厨垃圾达到平衡含水率所需时间越短;烹饪过程可以改变餐厨垃圾的热阻,增加其活化能;用Page模型和Modified Page模型描述餐厨垃圾热风干燥过程拟合精度最佳;2种餐厨垃圾有效湿分扩散系数分别为1.37×10-9～2.47×10-9,5.14×10-10～2.05×10-9m2/s,活化能分别为13.86,34.05 kJ/mol。     

RFI用环氧树脂固化工艺研究

采用动态差示扫描量热(DSC)法,研究了E-44/E-21混合环氧树脂与GA-327(DDM改性芳胺)的固化过程,研究了升温速率对固化体系DSC曲线的影响,确定了该固化体系的反应动力学方程为dαdt=2.27×104exp(-(4764.65)/T)(1-α)0.861;采用最佳固化温度外推法得到E-44/E-21(6∶4)/GA-327体系的最佳固化制度为100℃/30min 120℃/30min。按该固化制度制备的浇铸体的固化度达95.7%,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为62.71MPa和97.92MPa。     

准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料的制备

采用热重-差热(TG-DTA)、红外(IR)等分析测试手段,研究了聚碳硅烷(PCS)的裂解及化学转化过程,从理论上验证了先驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)600℃裂解产物的准陶瓷特性.先驱体聚碳硅烷在600℃呈现一种半有机、半无机状态,其产物具有准陶瓷的特征,在大约750℃出现无机化转变高峰,固称其为准陶瓷.以碳布、准三维编织体、三维编织体为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺在600℃制备了碳纤维增强碳化硅(Cf/SiC)准陶瓷基复合材料.结果表明,以三维编织体增强的准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料获得了较理想的结构、性能,所制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料密度仅有1.27g/cm3,弯曲强度达到193.69MPa,室温拉伸强度为197.69MPa,600℃拉伸强度为167.33MPa.复合材料断口形貌分析表明,在低温600℃制备的准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.     

基于Powell法的GNSS卫星轨道拟合算法

针对GNSS导航信号模拟源中卫星轨道计算的高精度实时性要求,提出了一种基于Powell最优化理论的卫星轨道拟合算法。该算法将有限点卫星位置拟合问题转化为无约束极小值问题,使用最优化理论求解卫星轨道模型参数,从而可以方便计算任意时刻的卫星速度、加速度等高阶量。算例结果表明计算卫星星历时,位置误差小于1×10-4m,速度误差小于1×10-6m/s,计算量为广播星历直接计算的1/3;计算精密星历时,位置精度在2cm左右,拟合精度较拉格朗日插值算法提高了大约1倍。通过实际应用,充分验证了算法的有效性。     

沉淀分级法调制纺丝级高熔点聚碳硅烷

作为碳化硅纤维先驱体的聚碳硅烷应当具有较高的熔点与良好的可纺性 ,但是提高熔点对合成条件提出了苛刻要求。为了解决这一矛盾 ,首先通过沉淀分级获得了高熔点 (>2 80℃ )的聚碳硅烷组分 ,然后再加入 10 - 30wt%低熔点组分来调节其纺丝性能 ,成功地调制出了高熔点 (>2 5 0℃ )、具有良好纺丝性的聚碳硅烷先驱体     

短波时间分集终端机的微机实现

本文介绍一种用微处理机实现的短波印字报时间分集终端机。它有很强的抗突发错误能力,能连续纠正180个错码(50波特),只需360个码元的保护间隔,能使短波移频印字报的误码率由10~(-2)～10~(-3)。降至10~(-4)～10~(-6),短波信道试验实测的误码率为1×10~(-5)左右,和理论计算值基本吻合。本文还提出了一种完全用软件实现的群同步及位同步方案,各种同步错误概率小于1×10~(-6)。     

裂解温度对PIP制备2D Cf/Si-O-C复合材料结构与性能的影响

以二维碳纤维布、硅树脂先驱体、SiC微粉和乙醇溶剂为原料,采用先驱体转化工艺制备了2D Cf/Si-O-C复合材料,考察了裂解温度对材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明,首周期裂解温度对制备材料的力学性能有重要影响,纤维-基体间的界面弱化是复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因;第6周期采用合适的温度裂解可提高复合材料的力学性能,其弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到了263.9MPa和12.8MPa.m1/2。     

Military spending and growth: a small open economy stochastic growth model

The paper analyzes the effects of military spending on economic growth in a small open stochastic endogenous growth model involving the supply-side and demand-side effects produced by military spending. We show that a rise in the military spending affects economic growth through four channels, including the crowding-out effect, the spin-off effect, the resource mobilization effect, and the portfolio effect. The net effect which depends on these four channels is ambiguous. Hence, we demonstrate that there exists an optimal defense burden that maximizes the economic growth rate.     

Reliability growth of repairable systems

This paper considers the problem of modeling the reliability of a repairable system or device that is experiencing reliability improvement. Such a situation arises when system failure modes are gradually being corrected by a test-fix-test-fix procedure, which may include design changes. A dynamic reliability model for this process is discussed and statistical techniques are derived for estimating the model parameters and for testing the goodness-of-fit to observed data. The reliability model analyzed was first proposed as a graphical technique known as Duane plots, but can also be viewed as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with a particular mean value function.     

Determining optimal growth paths in logistics operations

This paper considers a logistics system modelled as a transportation problem with a linear cost structure and lower bounds on supply from each origin and to each destination. We provide an algorithm for obtaining the growth path of such a system, i. e., determining the optimum shipment patterns and supply levels from origins and to destinations, when the total volume handled in the system is increased. Extensions of the procedure for the case when the costs of supplying are convex and piecewise linear and for solving transportation problems that are not in “standard form” are discussed. A procedure is provided for determining optimal plant capacities when the market requirements have prespecified growth rates. A goal programming growth model where the minimum requirements are treated as goals rather than as absolute requirements is also formulated.     

Military spending and economic growth in South Africa

This paper undertakes an empirical analysis of the economic effects of military spending on the South African economy. It estimates a neo‐classical model common in the literature at the level of the macroeconomy and at the level of the manufacturing sector. An attempt is made to improve upon the model by allowing the data to determine the dynamic structure of the model through an ARDL procedure. No significant impact of military spending is found in aggregate, but there is a significant negative impact for the manufacturing sector. This suggests that the cuts in domestic military procurement that have occurred since 1989 could lead to improved economic performance in South Africa through their impact on the manufacturing sector.     

Military expenditures,economic growth and spatial spillovers

The relationship between economic growth and military expenditure has been the subject of a large literature in defence economics. This study analyses the influence of military expenditures on economic growth in a global perspective for the time period 2000–2010 taking spatial dimension into account. The augmented Solow model is employed to investigate the defence-growth nexus using the cross-sectional data relating to 128 countries. Following a traditional regression analysis, spatial variations in the relationships are examined utilizing different spatial econometric specifications estimated by maximum likelihood. The regressions are compared with each other via likelihood ratio tests, and the spatial Durbin model is found to be the most appropriate one suggesting that the typical least-squares model is misspecified. Empirical evidence indicates that military expenditure has a positive effect on economic growth with a significant spatial dependence for the time period under consideration.     

A model for manpower productivity during organization growth

A mathematical model is developed that enables organization and manpower planners to quantify the inefficiencies involved in rapid buildups of organizations, such as is frequently found in the aerospace industry shortly after the award of a major contract. Consideration is given to the time required to train, indoctrinate, and familiarize new workers with their jobs and the general program aspects. Once trained, workers are assumed to be productive. If the ratio of untrained to trained workers exceeds a critical value, called the buildup threshold, then the performance of the trained workers is degraded to the extent that they are no longer 100 percent efficient until this ratio returns to a value less than the threshold. The model is sufficiently general to consider an arbitrary manpower plan with more than one peak or valley. The model outputs are functions of real time and consist of the fraction of the total labor force which is productive, the fraction of the total labor units expended for nonproductive effort, the cumulative labor costs for productive effort, and the cumulative labor cost for all effort.     

可靠性增长试验费用模型研究

基于杜安模型对可靠性增长试验时间和预期所能达到的可靠性水平的基本假设,推出了可靠性增长试验费用模型,并说明了其合理性及适用性.     

Optimal production growth for the machine loading problem

This paper investigates a production growth logistics system for the machine loading problem (generalized transportation model), with a linear cost structure and minimum levels on total machine hours (resources) and product types (demands). An algorithm is provided for tracing the production growth path of this system, viz. in determining the optimal machine loading schedule of machines for product types, when the volumes of (i) total machine hours, and (ii) the total amount of product types are increased either individually for each total or simultaneously for both. Extensions of this methodology, when (i) the costs of production are convex and piecewise linear, and (ii) when the costs are nonconvex due to quantity discounts, and (iii) when there are upper bounds for productions are also discussed. Finally, a “goal-programming” production growth model where the specified demands are treated as just goals and not as absolute quantities to be satisfied is also considered.     

Civil wars and economic growth: A regional comparison

The paper examines the impact of civil wars on income per-capita growth at home and in neighbors for four regional groupings of countries: Africa, Asia, Latin America, and a pooled Asian and Latin American sample. Both macroeconomic and civil-war influences on growth differ by region. With the use of a distance measure, we demonstrate that the spatial reach from the negative consequences of a civil war are region and time period specific. Generally, there was less dispersion in Africa than in Asia and Latin America. Moreover, Africa demonstrates a greater ability to recover from the adverse effects of civil wars than the other regions tested.     

测试性增长中资源优化配置模型及求解

良好的测试性设计对系统维修性具有重要意义,测试性增长试验通过一系列测试性设计缺陷发现和纠正措施,可保证系统测试性指标达到设计要求。针对基于延缓纠正的测试性增长过程中的资源配置问题进行研究,基于增长试验目标是否明确和试验资源是否受限制问题构建资源优化配置模型,并提出一种基于拉格朗日松弛和本地搜索的快速优化算法。仿真结果表明:该模型能够有效指导测试性增长中的资源优化配置问题,所提混合优化方法能够高效、准确地求解整数规划问题。