云重心评判法的防空兵C4ISR系统生存能力效能评估

指挥自动化系统是军队现代化的重要组成部分,高质量的指挥自动化系统可以起到强大的军力倍增作用,因此其效能评估研究越来越受到人们的重视.结合实战情况,确立了防空兵C4ISR系统生存能力指标体系,就其效能评估给出了一种综合评判法--云重心评判法,对其理论介绍的同时详细的给出了云重心评判法的实现步骤,并通过算例验证了此方法的有效性和实用性.此方法简单易行可操作性强,对指挥自动化系统的效能评估提供了有效的方法和途径.     

基于AHP和云重心方法的装甲兵指挥信息系统效能评估

针对装甲机械化部队指挥信息系统作战效能评估问题,运用云理论进行了探索。首先,对云重心理论的步骤进行了阐述,结合层次分析法,最后用加权偏离度来衡量系统与理想状态的偏离度,将结果用Matlab三维图形对装甲机械化部队指挥信息系统的作战效能进行描述,图形较直观的反应了其效能问题。此方法简单易行,可操作性强,为装甲机械化部队指挥信息系统评估提供了一种较好的途径。     

云重心评判法在防空群作战指挥效能评估中的应用

从防空群作战指挥的几个环节--指挥信息的获取、作战决策、组织计划和协调控制入手,建立了防空群作战指挥效能的指标体系,对各指标进行了合理的权重分配,建立了云重心评判模型并进行了实例分析,对防空群作战指挥效能进行了评估,其结果可信.所用到的云重心法对于评估复杂且难以完全定量描述的问题时具有一定的参考价值.     

基于证据理论和云理论的C4ISR系统效能评估

为了解决C4ISR系统效能的定性评估问题,提出了一种基于证据理论和云理论的评估方法.首先,构建效能信度模型,通过评估专家对效能信度的赋值反映出定性评估过程中的不确定性,然后采用折扣融合证据规则对评估值进行融合,克服了专家经验知识不同所带来的证据高冲突性,最后使用云重心评判法得到系统效能的定性评估结果.仿真结果表明:该评...     

模糊神经网络航空兵师指挥自动化作战效能分析

从航空兵师作战过程出发,依据指挥自动化系统的组成,分析了对抗条件下航空兵师指挥自动化系统的作战效能指标体系;并结合人的因素对航空兵师指挥自动化系统作战效能的影响,建立效能评判指标体系, 在此基础上建立基于神经网络的对抗条件下航空兵师指挥自动化系统作战效能的模糊综合评判模型,进行自适应训练和误差分析.实验证明该效能评判方法的可行性.     

基于云理论一二元语义的雷达装备保障指挥效能评估模型

针对云重心和云模型评判方法存在的信息丢失、难于评判以及信息扭曲等问题,从确定权重等级、评价集和评价结果3个方面对模型进行了改进和完善．应用二元语义确定指标权重,避免了评价信息的丢失和扭曲,采用综合云的思想确定评价集,充分利用评价者给出的信息,简化相似云的理论来定量衡量评价结果,从而建立了基于云理论一二元语义的雷达装备保障指挥效能评估模型．     

基于AHP和云理论的自行火炮武器系统作战效能评估

针对自行火炮武器系统作战效能的评估问题,运用AHP和云重心评判法建立作战效能评估指标体系和评估数学模型,并结合具体实例验证了此方法的有效性和实用性,为自行火炮武器系统作战效能评估提供了一种有效的方法和途径。     

基于云重心评判的战场态势评估方法

针对当前的战场态势评估方法所存在的对战场态势的综合评价和理解不足的问题,将云理论引入防空态势评估,提出一种基于云重心评判的战场态势评估方法.首先建立评估的指标体系,并将各指标值分别用云模型表示,然后确定各指标的权重,计算出加权偏离度θ,最后将加权偏离度输入评测云发生器得到评估结果.实例验证的结果表明,此方法对当前战场态...     

基于云理论的雷达组网作战效能评估

传统的雷达组网作战效能评估一般采用定性评估方法,而对于精确的定量评估,目前尚缺有效的方法.云理论是一种用于处理不确定性和含糊性知识的数学工具,可实现概念与数据之间的相互转换.结合雷达组网的因素分析,提出了组网雷达作战效能评价指标体系,然后利用云理论的有关知识,建立了各指标的云模型及其多维加权综合云的重心表示.最后应用云重心评价方法给出系统的效能评估值,解决了效能评估中定性语言到定量的转化问题,最后给出了一个雷达组网作战效能评估的算例.     

基于ANP和云模型的军事通信系统效能评估

将网络层次分析法(ANP)和云重心评判法相结合应用于军事通信系统的效能评估中,并指出有无卫星支援下军事通信系统的效能对比。首先,针对军事通信系统的特点,构建通信系统评估的指标体系,建立ANP模型;其次,根据通信系统各指标之间的关联性,采用网络层次分析法构造极限超矩阵来确定指标的权重,并与AHP确定的指标权重相比较,指出ANP提高了指标权重的科学性;最后,利用云模型处理定性指标和定量指标之间的转换,给出有卫星支援下的军事通信系统效能的提升度,并与模糊综合评判法相比较,结果证明了网络层次分析法和云重心评价法相结合在军事通信系统效能评估中的可行性和科学性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.