虚拟战场环境中火炮外弹道可视化研究

在某合成战术对抗仿真训练系统中,为提高训练的沉浸感和打击仿真结果的可信度,需要对火炮弹丸的外弹道进行可视化建模与仿真。采用空气动力学简化方程对弹丸飞行轨迹进行数学建模,并用显示欧拉法求解弹丸在虚拟战场环境中的位置;然后对弹丸从发射、飞行到弹目交汇爆炸的全过程产生的视效、声效进行了可视化的设计;基于UNITY 3D仿真引擎对火炮弹丸的外弹道进行了渲染实现,并将算法模型封装为动态库,便于将来的复用。经部队试用验证取得了较好的训练效果。     

爆炸成型弹丸侵彻靶板的数值仿真

基于LS-DYNA的动力学分析通用有限元程序,对爆炸成型弹丸形成和侵彻靶板过程进行了数值仿真。建立了数值仿真模型,利用数值模拟技术实现了弹丸的形成以及不同药型罩结构对爆炸成型弹丸形成的影响,实现了侵彻过程中弹丸的变形与靶板的破坏状况可视化,同时对仿真结果进行了分析。通过对爆炸成型弹丸侵彻靶板的数值仿真,为开展爆炸成型弹丸毁伤机理研究奠定了良好的基础。     

平头弹丸侵彻金属靶板的数值仿真

基于ABAQUS/Explicit非线性有限元分析程序,通过二次开发利用含损伤的Johnson-Cook本构模拟靶板材料,对刚性平头弹丸垂直侵彻不同厚度的金属靶板进行了数值仿真,实现了侵彻过程的可视化。结果表明：网格密度对计算结果有影响,但随着网格密度增加,结果趋于收敛;侵彻过程中,弹丸与靶板发生了多次碰撞,靶板的塑性变形局限在很窄的剪切带内;对数值计算结果与试验结果进行了比较,发现二者吻合得较好。相关结论对防护结构的设计具有指导意义。     

小口径火炮弹丸初速误差校正的必要性及方法

小口径火炮系统中的弹丸初速误差是引起脱靶量的一个重要误差源[2]。本文从弹丸初速误差引起脱靶量的大小上说明了对弹丸初速误差校正的必要性。针对多卜勒火控雷达可以提供弹丸初速这一特点,对多管小口径火炮设计了一种弹丸初速误差校正的方法,并在计算机上进行了模拟计算,得出了令人满意的结果。     

弹丸爆炸仿真与破片质量统计软件开发

针对利用试验研究弹丸爆炸过程难度大的问题,采用ANSYS／LS-DYNA有限元软件对弹丸爆炸过程进行了仿真,设计开发了破片质量分布统计软件,再现了弹丸爆炸的宏观过程,并且得到了破片质量分布的定量结果．     

某型38mm动能布袋弹设计

在对现有非致命防暴弹的缺陷及动能布袋弹的优势进行深入分析的基础上，提出了38mm动能布袋弹研制的必要性。设计的新型弹丸和弹托，能获得较高弹丸出口速度和精度，利用防暴弹低伸弹道方程计算了弹丸各点的速度和比动能，计算结果与实验测速基本相符，证实了方程指导设计的可行性。其中所采用的一些关键技术、设计思想和计算公式对其他非致命弹种的设计，有一定的指导意义。     

基于神经网络的弹丸强度可靠性分析

构造了一个基于神经网络的弹丸强度分析模型,通过对以往实际发生数据的训练与推理,设计并构造了一种自适应变步长自构型神经网络。对影响弹丸强度的诸多因素进行了综合的非线性分析。并可以利用该模型进行强度预测,减少实际打弹的次数,经济效益明显。     

旋转弹丸空气动力特性数值解法

为提高在弹道计算和弹丸设计中弹丸空气动力系数精度,采用隐式LU算法求解N S方程并考虑代数湍流模型,在旋转物面边界条件下计算弹丸的阻力、升力、俯仰力矩、滚转阻尼力矩、马格努斯力和力矩。通过对美国T388等弹丸的气动力系数计算并与弹道靶试验数据进行比较,以及对某榴弹的气动力计算结果在弹道计算中进行应用分析,表明用数值模拟得到的旋转弹丸空气动力系数好于以前用工程方法给出的结果。     

弹丸动平衡自动测试方法研究

采用 IBM- PC机为主机 ,对弹丸动不平衡量 (m1 ,m2 )及相位角α进行自动测试并做相应的数据处理。设计了弹丸左、右两标定面的平面分离电路、A/D转换电路等。     

弹丸弹托结构参数对挤进阻力的影响研究

为了研究某滑膛武器弹丸弹托的不同结构参数及摩擦系数对挤进阻力的影响,分别以弹丸弹托的不同结构参数及摩擦系数作为单一变量,利用Ansys-workbench有限元软件分别对其挤进过程进行数值模拟仿真,得到挤进阻力的变化,进而分析该结构参数对挤进阻力的影响,从而为该滑膛武器弹丸结构设计提供了重要依据,也为同类武器的弹托设计提供了一定的参考价值。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.