钠冷快速中子增殖反应堆钠火研究综述

核电站是利用原子核裂变反应放出能量发电的装置,其核心是核反应堆。介绍了核电研究背景和钠冷快速中子增殖反应堆,指出钠冷快堆核电站的主要消防安全隐患是钠循环工艺的泄漏火灾,对国内外钠火研究现状进行了详细介绍,提出了钠火研究的主要内容及关键技术。     

一种探雷声纳图像分割方法及应用

提出一种适用于探雷声纳图像的疑似水雷目标扫描分割方法。该方法以图像区域生长法为基础,根据探雷声纳的成像原理及水雷目标的图像特性,对区域生长法中的参数做了特别设定,分搜索和定位两步对图像中疑似目标进行扫描分割,讨论了搜索和定位两种扫描窗口的尺寸及扫描方法。将该方法应用于实际探雷声纳图像,可得到符合预定信混比要求的疑似目标区域,为基于探雷声纳图像的水雷自动判别奠定了基础。     

微纳卫星姿态确定与控制半实物仿真系统设计

航天器姿态控制系统需要特殊的运行环境,在地面很难考核,这给系统可靠性带来一定的风险。针对微纳卫星的特点,设计并研制了一套面向微纳卫星的姿态确定与控制半实物仿真系统。该系统通过数字化模型模拟卫星姿态轨道运动、敏感器模型产生敏感器测量数据、执行器模型生成控制力矩、敏感器模拟器实现通信协议,最终实现姿态控制系统的全系统仿真。这套系统可以接入卫星控制系统回路,实现对姿控系统软件、硬件的考核,同时验证算法的性能。基于该系统,对天拓三号卫星姿控系统进行地面半实物仿真,并对比在轨试验数据,结果表明系统设计合理,仿真结果可信。     

Toward a multi-stage information conversion model of the research and development process

Research and development activities in a business firm or government laboratory are portrayed as a multi-stage information generation and conversion process. A “basic research” phase generates opportunities, in the form of findings in a set of scientific disciplines, which are available for subsequent exploitation. It is assumed that increments to information in a subject area are stochastic, proportional to the amount of knowledge which already exists in the area, and have values which are randomly distributed. An “exploratory development” phase is viewed as a process of selecting a subset of alternative research opportunities, improving each opportunity in the direction of its applications, estimating the value of the improved opportunity and using these estimates to choose the exploratory development results to be implemented in engineering development. The “engineering development” phase makes the value of exploratory results realizable without changing value or risk. Engineering development costs are assumed to increase as value increases. If exploratory development is not successful, additional costs in engineering development must be incurred to bring the design up to a minimum desirable level. The model is intended as a step toward formulating and analyzing problems in management planning and control of the several interrelated stages of the research and development process.     

不同网栅结构对MEFP成型影响的对比分析

为了研究不同形状网栅结构对形成的MEFP破片的影响,利用LS-DYNA动力有限元程序,采用Lagrangian方法,分别对十字形网栅切割式MEFP战斗部、星形线形网栅切割式MEFP战斗部、中心圆环形网栅切割式MEFP战斗部、井字形网栅切割式MEFP战斗部成型过程进行了数值模拟研究,并对影响各自破片成型及发散角的因素进行了分析研究。通过对不同方案网栅切割式MEFP速度及散布面积对比分析,结果表明:采用井字形网栅产生的破片集聚性优于十字形、星形线形和中心圆环形结构方案。     

一种精确定位篡改攻击位置的混沌数字水印算法

基于混沌变换良好的随机性和初始条件极端敏感性,提出了一种精确定位篡改位置的脆弱混沌数字水印算法．该算法将混沌加权后DCT中低频系数作为图像特征,利用混沌DCT匹配块对生成脆弱水印序列,最后嵌入到图像的DCT中频系数中．实验结果与分析表明,该算法几乎不影响图像的视觉质量,对图像篡改区域具有检测有效性和定位准确性,实现了盲认证．该算法不仅提高了篡改定位的精度,虚检率与漏检率也相应降低．     

GPS时分二进制偏移载波调制信号的高精度无偏抗多径算法

二进制偏移载波调制信号将在卫星导航系统中得到广泛应用。全球定位系统的L1C信号导频分量采用了时分二进制偏移载波调制,对此信号直接采用码参考波形算法消除多径时的鉴别曲线收敛点存在偏差,从而影响测距偏差。因此,提出一种时分二进制偏移载波调制信号的高精度无偏抗多径算法。通过时分的方式分别生成针对BOC(1,1)和BOC(6,1)分量的本地闸波,以保证鉴相函数在码相位无偏差时等于0。由于更好地利用了BOC(6,1)信号分量,该技术在实现无偏跟踪的同时,还能提高跟踪精度。     

Counterinsurgency as armed reform: The political history of the Malayan Emergency

Despite the emphasis in doctrine and academia that counterinsurgency is in its essence political, these operations are all too commonly discussed and approached as primarily military endeavors. Informed by the need to refocus counterinsurgency studies, this article revisits a foundational case of the canon – the Malayan Emergency – to discuss its political (i.e., not military) unfolding. The analysis distinguishes itself by emphasizing the diplomatic processes, negotiations, and deals that gave strategic meaning to the military operations underway. In so doing, the article also generates insight on the use of leverage and elite bargains in creating new political settlements and bringing insurgent conflicts to an end.     

Markov chain with taboo states and reliability

A computationally feasible matrix method is presented to find the first-passage probabilities in a Markov chain where a set of states is taboo during transit. This concept has been used to evaluate the reliability of a system whose changes in strength can be thought of as a Markov chain, while the environment in which it is functioning generates stresses which can also be envisaged as another Markov chain.     

A model of dynamic conflict in ethnocracies

We model an infinitely repeated Tullock contest, over the sharing of some given resource, between two ethnic groups. The resource is allocated by a composite state institution according to relative ethnic control; hence the ethnic groups contest the extent of institutional ethnic bias. The contest yields the per-period relative influence over institutions, which partly spills over into the next period, by affecting relative conflict efficiency. Our model generates non-monotone evolution of both conflict and distribution. Results suggest that external interventions, when effective in reducing current conflict and protecting weaker groups, may end up sowing the seeds of greater future conflict.     

基于效果的联合作战行动规划研究

联合作战行动规划是依据联合作战的使命和资源约束建立完成使命的最佳行动过程,通过对交战环境状态、交战主体的资源能力状态、行动、事件和效果的定义,结合人工智能领域解决"计划"问题的研究、军事领域基于效果的作战思想提出了联合作战行动规划模型及策略优选方法.模型结合了马尔可夫决策过程和贝叶斯网络技术来求解交战主体的最优策略,对联合作战设计具有适应性的行动策略做出的初步尝试.     

基于Dijkstra算法的水平航迹规划

战术飞行任务的航迹规划是依靠地形信息和敌情信息,在某些约束条件下,找出作战飞机从起飞点到目标突防生存概率最大、航程最短的飞行轨迹的过程。采用简易方法建立了威胁模型,用Dijkstra算法实现了作战飞机整体最优水平航迹解算,并给出了具体算例,验证了算法的有效性和实用性。     

一种基于EDU模型的新闻视频摘要方法

现有的视频摘要技术缺乏一个统一、可扩充的视频摘要模型。针对该缺陷,提出了实体-描述-效用模型(简称EDU模型),该模型从视频实体出发,经过描述得到效用,并最终根据效用来生成视频摘要,该模型具有可扩展性。对EDU模型进行了详细阐述,并根据该模型,提出了新闻视频故事摘要生成的方法。实验结果表明,该方法具有令人满意的效果。     

A refined deterministic linear program for the network revenue management problem with customer choice behavior

We present a new deterministic linear program for the network revenue management problem with customer choice behavior. The novel aspect of our linear program is that it naturally generates bid prices that depend on how much time is left until the time of departure. Similar to the earlier linear program used by van Ryzin and Liu (2004), the optimal objective value of our linear program provides an upper bound on the optimal total expected revenue over the planning horizon. In addition, the percent gap between the optimal objective value of our linear program and the optimal total expected revenue diminishes in an asymptotic regime where the leg capacities and the number of time periods in the planning horizon increase linearly with the same rate. Computational experiments indicate that when compared with the linear program that appears in the existing literature, our linear program can provide tighter upper bounds, and the control policies that are based on our linear program can obtain higher total expected revenues. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Extending the MAD portfolio optimization model to incorporate downside risk aversion

A mathematical model of portfolio optimization is usually represented as a bicriteria optimization problem where a reasonable tradeoff between expected rate of return and risk is sought. In a classical Markowitz model, the risk is measured by a variance, thus resulting in a quadratic programming model. As an alternative, the MAD model was developed by Konno and Yamazaki, where risk is measured by (mean) absolute deviation instead of a variance. The MAD model is computationally attractive, since it is easily transformed into a linear programming problem. An extension to the MAD model proposed in this paper allows us to measure risk using downside deviations, with the ability to penalize larger downside deviations. Hence, it provides for better modeling of risk averse preferences. The resulting m‐MAD model generates efficient solutions with respect to second degree stochastic dominance, while at the same time preserving the simplicity and linearity of the original MAD model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 185–200, 2001     

Replacement models under additive damage

A production system which generates income is subject to random failure. Upon failure, the system is replaced by a new identical one and the replacement cycles are repeated indefinitely. In our breakdown model, shocks occur to the system in a Poisson stream. Each shock causes a random amount of damage, and these damages accumulate additively. The failure time depends on the accumulated damage in the system. The income from the system and the cost associated with a planned replacement depend on the accumulated damage in the system. An additional cost is incurred at each failure in service. We allow a controller to replace the system at any stopping time T before failure time. We will consider the problem of specifying a replacement rule that is optimal under the following criteria: maximum total long-run average net income per unit time, and maximum total long-run expected discounted net income. Our primary goal is to introduce conditions under which an optimal policy is a control limit policy and to investigate how the optimal policy can be obtained. Examples will be presented to illustrate computational procedures.     

以传统教育为抓手加强学员思想品德修养途径探析

着眼传统教育与思想品德修养的内在联系,从传统教育要增强激励效果,强化学员思想品德修养动力,传统教育要打牢理论根基,强化学员思想品德修养基础,传统教育要借助行为养成,强化学员思想品德修养效果三个方面,探讨了加强学员思想品德修养的实现途径。     

态势估计中一种基于贝叶斯估计的统计时间推理方法

统计时间推理是态势估计中的一个重要组成部分。Ｋｉｒｉｌｏｖ的基于极大似然估计（Ｍａｘｉ－ｍｕｍＬｉｋｅｌｉｈｏｏｄＥｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎ,ＭＬＥ）的推理方法将未知时间变量看作常数,估计方差较大。文中建立的已知时间信息和未知时间变量之间的关系模型,将未知时间变量扩展为随机变量,将贝叶斯估计（ＢａｙｅｓＥｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎ,ＢＥ）引入时间推理。经过对两种推理算法的性能进行分析和比较,发现在一定范围内,基于ＢＥ的方法性能优于基于ＭＬＥ的方法。     

基于DDS阵列的发射数字波束形成系统设计

设计了一种基于高性能DDS芯片AD9959的数字阵列雷达发射数字波束形成系统。该系统的核心器件为2片AD9959与1片FPGA芯片。系统以全数字方式产生8通道相参雷达信号,具有幅相控制灵活、易于扩展、模块化、体积小等特点。最后以实测图表的形式说明了系统的杂散抑制,相位噪声,灵活的幅相控制等性能。     

一种混合式隔振器及其特性研究

为降低隔振系统在共振频率点的振动传递率,隔振器共振频率点阻尼应较大,为减小高频振动传递率,高频段阻尼应较小,被动隔振器阻尼无法满足该要求.提出了一种混合式隔振器,作动器根据隔振器上下点相对位移产生作动力,通过设计作动力对相对位移的传递函数,可实现阻尼随频率变化的要求.在此基础上对其特性进行了仿真研究,结果表明,由此混合隔振器构成的隔振系统在共振频率点和高频段对基础的传递振动都得到降低.