约束条件下导弹姿态跟踪保性能控制

针对BTT导弹在飞行过程中模型存在较大不确定性,并且控制舵的摆角受到物理装置约束的情况,研究了在约束条件下导弹姿态跟踪保性能控制的设计问题。首先在弹道的特征点处将导弹的非线性运动瞬时线性化,将导弹看作是一个不确定线性系统,提出应用基于线性矩阵不等式的跟踪保性能控制设计姿态控制器,然后推导得到满足控制约束的充分条件,以定理的形式给出了约束条件下跟踪保性能控制存在的充分条件。最后以某型导弹的姿态控制为例,设计了其姿态的跟踪保性能控制器。六自由度仿真结果表明了所得方法的有效性和可行性。     

用神经网络估计红外目标运动

本文介绍使用经神网络由图象序列估计光流的方法。 在基于局部刚性、平移运动和平滑约束条件下,设计一个神经网络估计光流。 本文介绍使用真实红外图象试验结果,以验证本方法与霍恩(Horn)和申克(Schunck)算法比较的效率。     

基于空间时频分布的欠定DOA估计

波达方向（DOA）估计是阵列信号处理领域的热点问题,但经典的DOA估计方法通常要求阵元数大于源信号个数,即满足超定条件。而在实际中往往面临的是源信号个数大于阵元数目的欠定条件。提出了一种基于空间时频分布的MUSIC扩展算法,该算法通过将空间时频分布矩阵进行拓展,实现了欠定条件下的DOA估计。相比时频MUSIC算法,该算法能同时适应超定和欠定条件;相比已有的欠定DOA估计方法,该算法在保证DOA估计精度的情况下,放宽对源信号稀疏性的要求,同时降低对快拍数的要求。仿真实验结果表明了本文算法的有效性。     

关于动压气浮自由转子陀螺仪力矩再平衡回路设计中的几个问题

本文由三个部分组成:第一部分介绍动压气浮自由转子陀螺仪的数学模型;第二部分讨论设计力矩再平衡脉冲调宽伺服系统中的某些限制条件;最后部分讨论力矩再平衡回路中的耦合影响分析和去耦设计。由于在采用变间隙力矩器时的动压气浮自由转子陀螺仪中存在着跟踪力矩和反弹性力矩,使其模型与通常的理想陀螺模型有差别,因而在设计力矩再平衡回路时也有不同。该陀螺仪作为角度敏感器应用时,两个回路之间的耦合是重要的,本文提出一种简单的去耦设计方法。     

空时频域中欠定混合条件下的波达方向估计

波达方向估计是阵列信号处理领域的热点问题,但经典的波达方向估计方法通常要求阵元数大于源信号个数,即满足超定条件,而在实际中往往面临的是源信号个数大于阵元数的欠定条件。基于此,提出了一种基于空间时频分布的多重信号分类扩展算法,通过将空间时频分布矩阵进行扩展,实现了欠定条件下的波达方向估计。相比时频多重信号分类算法,所提算法能同时适应超定和欠定条件;相比已有的欠定波达方向估计方法,其不但保证了波达方向估计的精度,而且放宽了对源信号稀疏性的要求,同时还降低了对快拍数的要求。仿真实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

高超声速飞行器巡航段多约束制导方法

针对高超声速飞行器巡航段飞行,建立了等高等速飞行的平衡条件,并对飞行器能否满足平衡条件开展分析。基于平衡条件提出了一种能够满足飞行过程中多约束条件以及终端航向角约束的制导方法,推导得到了满足多约束条件的最优制导律。该方法所有制导指令均采用解析公式实时获得,具有较强适应性。在各种偏差条件下对方法进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

拦截弹中制导最优弹道簇生成

针对临近空间高超声速目标飞行速度快,跟踪预测难的特点,提出在中制导阶段进行最优弹道设计与弹道簇生成用于对目标预测命中区域进行有效覆盖的方法。通过分析临近空间高超声速目标对现有防空体系带来的挑战,阐明了在中制导段进行弹道簇设计与生成的必要性;将中制导段的弹道规划问题视为求解满足多种约束条件下的最优控制问题,应用最优化理论方法得到了基准的最优弹道;应用邻域最优控制理论,针对终端约束条件进行调整,设计了邻域最优弹道簇的生成算法。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

火炮火控系统命中解的分布和存在性

定义了火控系统中问题联立方程应满足的“基本假设”,从理论上讨论了在“基本假设”条件下诸命中解的分布特性 ,证明临近的命中解 (如果存在的话 )是唯一的 ,给出了临近解存在的充分必要条件。用一个简单的实例表出不同目标速度下诸命中解分布的实验数据     

基于邻域最优控制理论的中制导弹道簇生成

针对临近空间高超声速目标飞行速度快,跟踪预测难的特点,提出了在中制导阶段进行最优弹道设计与弹道簇生成用于对目标预测命中区域进行有效覆盖的方法。首先,通过分析临近空间高超声速目标对现有防空体系带来的挑战,阐明了在中制导段进行弹道簇设计与生成的必要性,其次,将中制导段的弹道规划问题视为求解满足多种约束条件下的最优控制问题,应用最优化理论方法得到了基准的最优弹道,再次,应用邻域最优控制理论,针对终端约束条件进行调整,设计了邻域最优弹道簇的生成算法。最后,通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的武器目标分配模糊多目标规划

针对武器目标分配（WTA）问题中存在的模糊性，提出了一种基于遗传算法的WTA模糊多目标规划模型。建立了wTA多目标规划模型以及目标函数和约束条件，并在此基础上基于目标函数和约束条件的模糊性结合梯度隶属函数建立了WTA模糊多目标规划模型，给出了遗传算法进行求解的方法，通过一个实例分析表明，基于遗传算法的模糊多目标规划模型解决wTA问题具有较好的效果，验证了该模型的合理性，对于有效解决WTA问题具有指导作用。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.