利用零交叉点测量旋转弹磁方位角的试验方法

针对旋转弹在地磁空间运动时的环境条件,提出了基于零交叉点原理测量弹体磁方位角的模拟试验方法,并在不同的方位角、传感器倾角和转速等条件下进行了试验.试验结果表明,零交叉点原理可以实现弹体在地磁场中的角度测量,精度基本控制在±3°的范围内,并可进一步减小误差,但该原理也存在测量盲区,盲区范围与传感器倾角有关.     

用象限仪标定炮耳轴倾斜传感器的误差分析

论证了长期以来存在的用象限仪标定炮耳轴倾斜传感器的方法误差.通过理论分析建立了象限仪读数和机械重力摆式倾斜传感器输出的数学模型,运用数学推导的方法描述了火炮耳轴倾斜随火炮纵倾的关系,从理论上阐明了用象限仪标定炮耳轴倾斜传感器产生误差的原因及其量值,通过试验进行了验证,并提出了解决方法.对火炮耳轴倾斜的测量方法具有指导意义.     

光纤陀螺一维惯性角度测量误差标定技术研究

针对光纤陀螺的一维惯性角度测量系统长期工作时产生较大的随时间累积误差,提出了一种新型角度测量误差的实时标定方法。此方法基于光学三角法测距的原理,利用2个激光位移传感器测量的位移实现角度的实时测量,在高精度转台上对测试系统进行了实验验证,通过最小二乘拟合法对误差进行了补偿。实验结果表明,该系统的角度测量范围±10°,角度测量精度±0.005°,为光纤陀螺在长时间角度测量方面提供了角度基准。该标定技术使用非接触光学测量方法,对被测物体表面无损伤。     

星载SAR天线阵面形变分析与补偿方法

研究了星载SAR天线阵面形变对波束输出的影响及形变补偿方法.针对未来星载SAR将采用的柔性阵面,提出了一种用于星载SAR天线的空间形变实时测量与控制的闭环系统,建立了阵面形变下阵列流形误差模型,得出小幅度形变主要影响波束的旁瓣输出,通过求解补偿形变权值的最小二乘解,使阵列形变补偿后波束输出与期望波束输出最佳逼近,并给出用于阵列误差补偿的阵列形变测量精度要求.仿真结果验证了本文方法结论的正确性与有效性.     

浅海中电导率对同一水平面轴频电场的影响

为了研究电导率对浅海中轴频电场的影响,首先在基于水平时谐电流元的基础上推导出三层介质中电场表达式;然后,通过研究在某一海水深度不同海水电导率下的轴频电场幅值变化,得出了轴频电场随电导率变化而产生的变化曲线图趋势,即海水电导率的增加会使电场幅值减小,且当电导率较小时,电场值变化趋势较大;最后,通过实验测量不同电导率下的轴频电场,验证了结论的正确性。     

振弦式传感器压力测量系统设计及分析

应用振弦式传感器并基于脉冲计数法进行压力测量可达测量精度受脉冲计数精度、电路噪声及温度补偿等多重因素影响。介绍了一种成熟的设计方案,通过采用优化的扫频激励方式、合理的脉冲计数方法、低噪声信号调理电路设计和有效的温度补偿等途径,获得了较高精度的压力测量值,是脉冲计数法测压场合的较好选择。     

一种冲击信号调理电路的设计

针对测量冲击信号时,高冲击振动传感器输出的正负电荷信号不能直接被AD进行模数转换并且冲击信号中常常会混有噪声信号的问题,设计了一种包含电荷-电压转换、隔直放大、十阶抗混叠低通滤波等的冲击信号调理电路.并对冲击信号调理电路中各个模块进行了理论分析和节点参数的计算.通过实验:实际测量到的滤波曲线、冲击信号调理电路输出的电压都与理论计算值十分接近.此冲击信号调理电路能够成功地将传感器输出的正负电荷信号调理成一定范围内的电压信号,能够有效地滤除冲击信号中的高频噪声.     

磁力仪三轴非正交的转动补偿方法

为解决磁力仪三轴非正交的问题,建立了三轴磁力仪误差补偿模型,提出了基于旋转数据正弦曲线拟合的方法,对三轴磁力仪的非正交性进行标定。利用正弦曲线的初始相位角求解标定参数,实现了对三轴磁力仪的非正交标定及输出补偿。结果表明:该方法对磁力仪非正交参数的求解精度高,标定后的磁力仪的磁测准确性改善明显;该方法不需要利用高精度光泵磁强计测量磁场的强度,为三轴磁力仪的非正交参数标定提供了一个新的有效的途径。     

三轴磁传感器制造误差补偿方法研究北大核心

针对三轴磁传感器在制造过程中不可避免的会存在不正交误差角、灵敏度不匹配误差和零偏误差的问题,提出了基于椭球拟合的误差标定和补偿方法。在分析误差的基础上建立三轴磁传感器误差模型,推导出误差系数的解算方法,得到误差补偿方法。试验结果表明该方法正确,能够有效补偿三轴磁传感器的制造误差。     

三轴磁强计晃动对测量结果的影响分析及校正

三轴磁强计的主要误差有零偏误差、灵敏度误差以及三轴非正交误差。通过在三轴正交坐标体系下对传感器的三轴非正交误差进行分析,建立了传感器误差模型,分析了误差对传感器晃动所产生的影响。晃动1°产生的误差最大可达109.5 nT,晃动误差随着晃动角度的增加而增加。为控制晃动误差,通过对误差模型分析建立误差校正模型,并通过非线性曲线拟合对校正模型参数准确估计,将估计参数代入校正模型,可以实现对传感器输出校正,使其输出误差大大减小,晃动1°产生的误差范围可控制在0.03 nT以内。这表明该校正方法有效地降低了晃动对传感器输出产生的影响。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.