受体生物传感器用于检测有毒物质的可能性

概要介绍了神经受体的性质,神经受体与天然毒素及有机磷毒剂的关系,对受体生物传感器研究中的某些问题进行了讨论,在新的形势下,积极创造条件,跟踪前沿科学,开展用于侦检毒剂毒物的受体生物传感器的研究是值得认真考虑的。     

相思子毒素的受体特征研究

选择合适的相思子毒素受体结合条件,对相思子毒素和多种动物红细胞的受体结合活性进行了研究,获得了不同种动物红细胞的受体特征参数,并分析了相思子毒素P1、P2,凝集素P3以及蓖麻毒素对^125I-Abrin结合红细胞的竞争抑制作用,4种毒素表现出不同的抑制活性。     

抑制性神经递质受体药理学研究进展

γ—氨基丁酸(GABA)受体是中枢神经系统中主要的抑制性神经递质作用的靶位点，是配体门控离子通道超家族成员之一。简述了GABA受体的分类，重点讨论了国内外有关GABAA受体的结构与功能的关系和与其相互作用的有关化合物，对GABA受体药理学研究的进一步深入，可以为筛选新型的躯体失能剂奠定基础。     

乙酰胆碱受体生物传感器的研究概况

烟碱样乙酰胆碱受体对其配体,如毒素、许多化合物、农药、新的生物工程产品等具有高亲和性和选择性,乙酰胆碱受体生物传感器可检测一类物持它的应用,为生物传感器研究提供了一种良好的生物活性材料。近几年来,对神经受体生物传感器的研究比较活跃,本文主要介绍了烟碱样乙胆碱受体生物传感器研究的概况。     

三环酯类化合物抗M作用的分子药理学研究

通过对三环酯类抗胆碱能化合物分子构象的分析,并结合其对受体作用的强度,讨论了三环酯类化合物与Ｍ受体作用的分子药理学特点。分析认为,在三环酯类抗胆碱能化合物中,２个苯环所成二面角的大小是影响其抗Ｍ作用强度的重要因素,其二面角越小越有利于与Ｍ受体间产生的疏水性作用,抗Ｍ作用越强,此外,三环结构中如存在电负性原子则可与受体间形成氢键,从而提高对Ｍ受体作用的强度。将三环化合物和柔性化合物分子的构象进行比较     

徐向前军中戒烟记

鸦片,又称“阿片”,由罂粟果实中的乳状汁液制成的一种毒品,含吗啡和其他生物碱,味酸涩,可治病,久用易成瘾,轻者严重损害人的身心健康,重者可致死。早在1773年,英国在印度获得大规模生产鸦片的垄断权后,即大量向中国倾销鸦片,     

以GABAA受体为靶点的药物筛选与评价技术研究

GABAA受体是中枢神经系统重要的抑制性神经递质GABA的受体,是配体门控的氯离子通道,它是由镶嵌于神经细胞双类脂原生质膜中的5个亚基(来自8个亚基族)组成的五边形异质性多肽类寡聚体,主要由GABA识别位点、BDZ识别位点和氯离子通道3部分组成。目前已知至少有4类药物的结合位点存在于该受体复合物上,包括镇静剂安定类、抑制剂巴比妥类、痉挛剂印防己毒素(picrotoxin)、神经活性甾体类,因此具有丰富的药理学内涵。     

芋螺毒素的化学,生化功能

芋螺毒素属于海洋多肽毒素,它们造反性抑制或阻断受体和离子通道,已成为研究受体和离子生理学和毒理学的探讨,本文综述了芋螺毒素的化学和生化功能。     

菖蒲芋螺毒素的研究

芋螺毒素不仅具有很高的靶位选择性和组织专一性,而且具有分子小、活性高、易合成的特点。作为理想的神经药理学工具在离子通道和受体研究中正越来越受青睐,广泛开展芋螺毒素的调查研究意义重大。研究了菖蒲芋螺的毒液,首次在食虫性芋螺中发现了对哺乳动物小鼠致死的芋螺毒素,LD50=0．3μg／g,对其中的几个毒素进行了结构鉴定。     

外源DNA直接导入技术在农作物育种中的作用

外源 DNA 直接导入技术可分为两大类,一类是以分离培养的细胞或原生质体为受体,导入DNA 后再生成植株的技术。另一类是以整体植株体内的细胞为受体的技术。外源 DNA 直接导入技术正在逐步转化并在育种上取得了一系列成果;其显著的优点是适用面广,方法简便,可以缩短育种进程,目的性状基因的转移可控性好。应用这一技术应注意加强转基因植物后代的筛选和检测外源基因是否已经整合到受体植物的基因组。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.