简谐外磁场环境下海森堡XXZ模型的热力学纠缠

研究了在简谐外磁场环境下的海森堡XXZ模型,并通过计算解出热力学纠缠度。模拟表明,取不同的各向异性参数时,系统的热力学纠缠度对外部磁场和环境温度的变化比较敏感,并随简谐磁场的变化表现出周期性。固定各向异性参数时,热纠缠度随温度的增加呈现衰减趋势;增大各向异性参数时,热纠缠度则很快地趋于零,其对应临界温度也迅速降低。     

空气弹簧隔振器热膨胀变形特性计算

基于气体热力学方程、空气弹簧隔振器静力学模型,采用物理建模、模型辨识建模相结合的混合建模方法,建立了一种空气弹簧隔振器热膨胀变形计算模型,并通过数值仿真对轴向承载力、斜置安装角度、静刚度等主要影响因素进行了分析。仿真结果表明:增大轴向承载力、降低其垂向的静刚度将增大热膨胀变形量;增加斜置安装角可减小热膨胀变形量。应用该计算模型可以获取单个空气弹簧隔振器在不同环境温度下的热膨胀变形量,且具有较好的计算精度并可进一步推广应用于空气弹簧隔振装置的热膨胀变形评估计算。     

环境温度变化对导引头伺服机构摩擦力矩影响分析及实验研究

建立包含框架热致耦合变形的导引头伺服机构摩擦力矩分析模型,重点研究环境温度变化对角接触轴承几何参数及摩擦力矩的影响。以反射镜式导引头为例进行摩擦力矩分析,结果表明:随着温度的降低,润滑脂黏度的上升是导致伺服机构在低温时摩擦力矩剧烈上升的主要原因,框架耦合变形占比较小。搭建基于电测法的摩擦力矩测试系统,用快速温变实验箱模拟环境温度,测量伺服机构摩擦力矩并与理论计算结果进行对比分析,实验证明摩擦力矩实验结果与理论模型计算结果一致。     

内可逆闭式中冷回热布雷顿循环功率效率特性

应用有限时间热力学的方法分析了恒温热源条件下内可逆闭式中冷回热布雷顿循环的无因次功率和效率特性,导出了无因次功率及效率的解析式,通过数值计算,得到了分别对应于循环功率和效率的最佳中间压比分配,并研究了中冷度、回热度以及高低温侧换热器有致度对循环性能的影响。     

某型船钢拉应力与磁场关系试验

舰船磁场包括固定磁场和感应磁场,固定磁场是现有消磁勤务的主要目标.通过对船钢的拉伸试验,在船钢弹性形变范围内,研究其总磁场强度随拉应力的变化关系.由试验结果确定船钢的磁场强度初次发生显著变化时的拉力幅值.施力之前,通过试验从船钢的原始磁场中分离出感应磁场,然后任意选择一船钢总磁场发生显著变化的状态,在同样条件下做感应磁...     

近空间飞行器固体火箭助推器/助推弹道总体设计优化

研究一种近空间飞行器的固体火箭助推器/助推弹道总体优化问题.在选定喷管构型、推进剂、壳体材料、绝热层材料及药柱结构的前提下,建立包含热力学分析与计算、质量分析与计算、气动力分析与计算和弹道设计与计算的系统分析模型,采用一种基于可行性规则与结合模拟退火的混合粒子群优化算法求解最优解.优化结果表明建立的系统分析模型和采用的...     

MATLAB神经网络的舰船磁场强度估算

舰船磁场建模常采用的方法有谐波分析、磁体模拟和有限元等方法,但普遍存在通用性不强和计算复杂等缺点.为了方便快捷地对舰船磁场强度进行估算,通过梳理影响舰船磁场强度的主要因素,利用神经网络的方法建立估算模型,网络学习采用MATLAB环境下的改进BP算法,网络训练时间短,从仿真的结果来看,估算模型具有估算精度高、通用性强的特点,补充了舰船磁场建模方法.     

表面类裂纹缺陷与地磁场相对空间位置对漏磁场检测的影响

采用低频电磁场的有限元单元分析方法，分析铁磁性金属零件表面类裂纹缺陷与地磁场的空间相对位置变化对缺陷处漏磁场的影响，并通过试验进行了验证。结果表明：相对空间位置对漏磁场强度值影响较大，但对漏磁场强度曲线的变化特征影响不大。当缺陷与地磁场磁力线相互垂直时，漏磁场强度值最大；当缺陷与地磁场磁力线平行时，漏磁场强度值最小。这表明当采用漏磁场检测方法进行无损探伤时，零件的空间方向可能会影响探伤结果。     

一种计算涡轮增压柴油机高原性能的方法

提出了一种计算涡轮增压柴油机高原性能的方法.这种方法不涉及复杂的数值模拟计算,可以在较宽广的环境压力和环境温度范围预测涡轮增压柴油机的性能,具有较高的计算精度.对两台车用涡轮增压柴油机进行了实例计算,并与试验结果进行了对比.分析了海拔高度变化和温度变化引起的涡轮增压器和发动机性能的变化趋势.     

汽源参数变化对储汽筒充汽系统变工况性能的影响

对储汽筒充汽系统变工况性能进行分析,是系统控制策略研究的重要环节。基于变质量热力学及粘性流体动力学理论,分别建立了系统各组成单元的数学模型;提出了一种基于共同运行参数作为初始迭代点的系统模型求解方法:先初定各组成单元的共同运行参数(即瞬时充汽流量),然后依据该初定值计算给定控制策略下的系统各性能参数,并通过迭代计算调整初定值,直至满足系统的用汽要求。在此基础上,针对用汽源参数对系统变工况性能的影响进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明:汽源蒸汽温度对系统变工况性能影响较小;而汽源蒸汽压力减小,会造成系统在原有控制策略下储汽筒终了压力将达不到用汽要求。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.