求解大规模TSP问题的带导向信息素蚁群算法

蚁群算法已在各种优化问题中取得成功应用,但在求解大规模TSP问题时存在时间、空间复杂性大,搜索过程导向性不强易陷入局部最优和局部搜索策略效果不佳等缺点。针对以上问题,提出了一种具有导向信息素的蚁群算法(Ant Colony Algorithm With Oriented Pheromones,OPACA),利用问题本身的聚类特性简化问题规模后求解全局最优路径,后利用全局最优路径初始化导向信息素,并引入启发式的局部搜索策略求解原问题。仿真实验表明,改进算法的搜索全局最优能力与稳定性显著增强,相比同类算法有更佳的准确率及收敛速度。     

联合势场与蚁群算法的机器人路径规划

针对全局静态环境下传统蚁群算路径规划时,易陷入局部最优、前期路径有效性差等问题,提出了基于改进人工势场局部搜索和改进蚁群算法全局搜索的机器人路径规划算法.在地图环境栅格化基础上,算法首先利用有效障碍物检测和临时中间目标点改进人工势场算法,以优化其死锁和欠优问题,通过改进人工势场优化蚁群算法的初始路径搜索,避免其早期的交叉等问题,同时构建与收敛相关的负反馈通道,调节全局与局部信息素的自适应更新,以平衡算法的收敛速度与全局搜索能力.简单环境与复杂环境的仿真实验结果表明,所提算法具有较好的全局搜索能力,收敛速度和搜索能力优于已有改进蚁群算法,验证了算法的有效性.     

求解面向进攻的武器-目标分配问题的蚁群算法

面向进攻的武器-目标分配问题是军事运筹学研究中的重要课题,旨在制定合理的打击策略以最大程度摧毁敌方目标。采用一种融合局部搜索和信息素控制的蚁群算法,兼顾控制解的局部收敛速度和全局收敛质量。在解的构造过程中直接处理约束条件,提高生成解的可行性,并大大缩小了搜索空间,提高了算法效率。通过采用多种算法对不同规模的武器-目标分配问题进行实验,结果表明改进的蚁群算法在收敛速度和求解质量上表现优异。     

针对应急救援路径规划的一种改进蚁群算法

针对不返回起始点、多个待救援点的应急救援路径规划问题,提出了一种应急救援路径规划的改进蚁群算法,设计了一种新的路径构造方法,为蚁群算法求解该类问题打下了基础。为提高收敛性,改进了信息素更新规则,构造了一种与蚁群算法有效结合的局部搜索算法,提高了算法快速寻优的能力。仿真结果表明:改进蚁群算法能够快速找到一条从救援中心到多个待救援点的优化路径,且收敛速度和最短路径较同类算法更优。     

基于量子蚁群算法的VRPTW研究

深入研究带时间窗的配送车辆路径问题,建立贴合实际情况的VRPTW模型,并且针对建立的模型,将量子计算的理念与方法融入蚁群算法,改进后的算法更加科学地初始化蚂蚁的位置,使蚂蚁有更大可能性地寻找到最优路径。在搜索的过程中添加量子比特启发式因子,使用局部信息素更新和全局信息素更新相结合的信息素更新方式,全局信息素更新添加了量子旋转门的新模式。并使用2-opt搜索对结果进行进一步的探索,扩大搜索的范围,增加了得到最优解的概率。使新建立的量子蚁群算法能够实现对模型更加高效的求解。     

多策略蚁群算法求解诱导维修路径规划

在诱导维修过程中,为了帮助维修者快速找到维修对象,提供高效安全的行走路径,需要对复杂的维修环境进行路径规划。传统的蚁群算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优。为了提高寻优效率,对基本蚁群算法进行改进。提出了对α、β的自适应调整,改变信息素增量的更新方式,以及引入双向搜索策略,有效地提高了算法的收敛速度和全局搜索能力。仿真结果表明,改进的蚁群算法效率高,收敛速度快,能够为处在复杂维修环境中的维修人员提供高效的行进路线。     

蚁群遗传融合算法在移动机器人路径规划中的应用

针对移动机器人路径规划的特点,把智能算法引入到机器人路径规划中。而单一蚁群算法和遗传算法,存在收敛速度慢、效率低或容易陷入局部最优等缺陷,对蚁群算法进行改进,提出一种改进蚁群遗传算法的融合方案,并把该方案应用到移动机器人路径规划中,在栅格环境下进行仿真测试,仿真结果表明该方案能有效提高最优路径的搜索效率,整体性能优于蚁群或遗传单一智能算法。     

BP神经网络的遗传模拟退火算法动态选址仿真

针对战区装备保障点动态选址问题的广义最大覆盖选址模型,综合分析传统的启发式算法全局、局部搜索中的优缺点,提出一种基于BP神经网络的遗传模拟退火算法,并将其运用于战区装备保障点动态选址决策实际问题中,对该算法进行了仿真研究,给出具体实例的仿真结果验证了该算法求解最优解的高效性以及运算的高收敛速度.     

指挥信息系统非线性最优化问题的混沌搜索解法

指挥信息系统进行辅助决策很多情况下是一个求解最优化问题的过程,指挥信息系统遇到的很多问题具有非线性,同时指挥信息系统对算法的适应性和收敛速度要求相当严格。对此,普通的优化技术只能求出局部最优解。基于混沌搜索技术的计算智能具有全局搜索能力强、算法简洁、计算量小、收敛速度快的特点,成为一种求解非线性最优化问题全局最优的有效方法。算例表明,当搜索次数达到一定数量时,混沌搜索方法可以保证算法收敛到全局最优解,且计算效率很高。     

基于改进布谷鸟算法的目标分配问题

针对防空作战中目标分配的实时性、动态性、高效性以及作战决策的稳定性需求,基于种群协同进化思想提出一种免疫-布谷鸟算法。通过建立种群协同进化机制,利用两个种群进行不同方向的搜索并实时进行信息交互,加快算法收敛速度;利用布谷鸟算法参数少、易实现及较好的全局搜索能力,以及基于免疫机制的高斯变异算子较强的局部搜索能力,实现了求解速度和解的精度的平衡问题,提高算法的进化活力和求解效率。仿真实验表明,改进的布谷鸟算法与传统的目标分配算法相比,求解效率和性能上有明显提高,新算法求解目标分配问题是有效可行的。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.