装备维修保障知识模型构建及推理方法

针对装备领域维修保障知识利用效率低、经验知识转化不足、故障定位分析困难等问题,提出了一种装备维修保障知识模型构建及推理方法。首先,通过对装备维修保障工作流程、知识构成及知识特征的分析,借助知识的本体表示方法,设计装备维修保障知识模型,并结合具体装备给出知识模型构建方法;其次,基于知识模型并综合考虑人员经验性知识的量化表达,提出故障原因可信度推理方法,实现维修知识的有效推理计算;最后,以车辆装备发动机故障为例,验证了所提方法的可行性,为装备领域维修保障知识模型构建和推理应用提供借鉴。     

基于本体的装备PHM知识化建模研究

针对装备维修保障领域存在信息难以共享、知识利用率低等问题,分析了装备PHM组成架构和知识化模型;采用本体技术实现知识化建模,将装备PHM本体分为装备基本信息、装备测试、健康状态评估、故障诊断、故障预测和维修案例共6个子本体;借助Protege软件实现装备基本信息子本体的构建,并以导弹装备为背景进行实例化。     

基于案例的舰船装备维修风险评估

为提高船舶装备维修风险评估的可操性和正确性,首先分析了舰船装备维修中的风险问题,建立了基于案例的舰船装备维修单元任务风险推理模型;然后,引入神经规则,将案例知识转换成规则,进行风险评估的规则推理;最后,以某型柴油机为例进行了基于案例知识的维修单元任务风险评估。结果表明:基于案例的风险评估方法可以较大幅度地提高风险推理效率。     

基于灰色关联TOPSIS法的舰船装备维修方案决策

针对舰船装备维修方案优选问题,提出基于灰色关联TOPSIS法的舰船装备维修方案决策。该决策选取维修间隔时间、维修费用、维修时间和维修风险4个量化指标,利用灰色关联度减少不确定信息和小样本数据影响,并引入TOPSIS法处理多属性问题。通过对各维修方案相对贴近度排序优选,得出最佳维修方案。案例分析可知,该方法有效可行,值得在工程实践中借鉴。     

基于三方合谋博弈的舰船装备维修质量管理研究

在舰船装备维修质量管理过程中，由于利益驱动、信息不对称以及维修市场垄断等原因，监修室、修理工厂和舰船使用单位之间存在合谋行为。为有效防范合谋行为的发生，提高舰船装备维修质量，节省维修经费开支，应规范装备维修工程项目报价，提高维修管理信息化水平，培养专业化的维修管理人才队伍，推进维修保障社会化，建立科学的装备维修质量监督体系。     

战场空间本体构建方法研究

从构建战场空间知识基础设施,进而形成一体化的知识处理平台、获取知识优势出发,将本体思想引入战场空间知识建模领域,提出了战场空间本体体系,即战场空间本体包括上层本体、领域本体、应用本体;并重点研究了一种战场空间领域本体的构建方法BOC,包括基于上层本体BUO的领域本体构建方法,基于上层本体BUO的领域本体合并方法.基于本体的战场空间知识建模从根本上解决了战场空间中知识系统之间的知识共享和重用问题,便于知识系统的集成.     

伴随维修组维修模型聚合方法

面向装备维修保障系统的多分辨率建模问题,提出了一种装备维修模型的聚合方法,为装备维修保障系统模型的聚合研究提供了一种新的思路。该方法通过聚合故障输入和推理维修状态实现维修模型的聚合。最后通过基于MATLAB的仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性。通过实例验证可以看出,该方法缩短了仿真时间,减少了复杂系统底层建模的工作量。     

基于模糊多属性决策的装备维修行为选择

针对装备保障行动中维修行为决策在实践中存在的问题,借助于多属性决策方法和模糊理论,提出基于模糊多属性决策的装备维修行为决策,在分析装备维修行为的影响因素和约束条件的基础上,建立了装备维修行为决策的模型方法,并进行了实例分析。研究表明,该方法能有效降低维修保障费用、缩短维修保障时间和提高维修保障效率。     

基于数据挖掘的装备维修性定量分析与研究

为了充分挖掘装备故障维修数据中的有用信息和知识,更好地为维修性分析、设计提供服务,根据所收集的某舰船装备维修历史数据的特点,提出采用数据挖掘的方法对在役装备故障和维修信息进行维修性定量分析。通过对装备维修历史数据中的装备进行面向功能属性的分类研究,对故障现象进行聚类分析研究,可以得到各类簇装备故障模式的分布情况,通过进一步计算,可以得到在役装备的平均修复时间(MTTR)等维修性指标,从而为装备故障原因分析、保障特性的设计需求生成等工作提供有效的数据支撑。     

基于风险的重大任务期间装备维修时机决策建模

为了制定科学合理的维修时机、降低装备故障风险,在经济性、任务性和安全性风险三个单目标决策模型的基础上,首先明确装备故障风险分析的步骤,分析了两种维修方式下的维修时机决策建模;然后,提出了基于风险的装备维修时机决策建模方法;随后,建立了考虑经济性、任务性和安全性的单目标模型和考虑故障风险的多目标模型,并给出了两种情况下的模型求解步骤;最后,结合某装备安全阀进行案例分析,验证了模型的有效性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.