战场态势信息量的一种度量方法

恰当地度量战场态势信息量,是作战指挥、指控信息系统、通信系统等众多研究领域中一项重要的基础问题。从态势感知出发,将态势信息区分为彼此独立无关的“态”信息和“势”信息,结合Shannon信息论思想,提出了综合刻画态势信息量大小的方法,解决了传统战场态势信息量度量方法中未能包含态势变化趋势信息的问题,在此基础上给出了双节点要达到协同必须满足的态势感知一致性条件。     

分布式多平台态势一致性的实现机制

联合作战是现代战争的主要作战形式,参与联合作战的平台之间需要进行情报共享,形成协同一致的战场态势图。重点研究了Link16在分布式多平台之间实现态势一致性的机制,分析了其总体思路、采用的处理流程和方法、使用的消息种类、存在的问题和不足,并结合我军实际,提出了分布式多平台态势一致性的系统架构和实现方法。     

海战场态势感知能力的度量方法研究

信息域的态势感知能力评估,通常是以融合中心生成的综合态势图为基础,来构建指标进行度量分析.这种度量往往忽略了态势使用用户对感知内容和感知要求的不同需求.在海战场环境下,尝试以各用户获得的感知态势图为基础,结合用户对感知的实际需求,研究了感知能力的三个重要指标:完备性、准确性、时效性,并以系统下所有用户的态势感知来反映最终态势感知能力.对实际作战中军队态势感知能力、信息优势的评估与度量具有参考价值.     

人机共融的远程态势智能感知系统

针对人与远程无人设备协同精准配合的迫切需求,以机器人操作系统为基础构建了一种人机共融的远程态势感知系统,并开展了实验与分析。该系统以视觉定位技术为基础,以人机感知共融为切入点,通过实时三维场景重建技术与场景一致性融合方法,将无人设备探测到的环境及目标信息进行三维重构,并通过增强现实设备进行显示,与人的视觉信息进行一致性融合,实现无GPS条件下远程无人设备与人所佩戴的增强现实设备之间的协同定位。实验结果表明,系统在近距离时具有较好的人机协同定位准确度,定位精度随着距离的增加而逐渐降低。所构建的系统使无人设备成为人眼的延伸,在不干扰人员正常行动的情况下实现了穿障碍、跨视距的感知能力,在未来信息化作战中可发挥重要作用。     

深度态势感知与智能化战争

未来战争是人机环系统融合的战争。它不仅仅是智能化战争,更是智慧化战争。未来的战争不但要打破形式化的数学计算,还要打破传统思维的逻辑计算,是一种结合人、机和环境各方优势互补的新型计算-算计博弈系统。本文以智能化战争为背景,探讨了深度态势感知的概念、内涵与模型;介绍了未来战争中深度态势感知模型发挥的作用,即深度态势感知解决了人工智能中的可解释性、学习及常识三个重要瓶颈;最后,介绍了深度态势感知在未来战争中面临的挑战,包括人机环境系统融合问题、战场中的不确定性以及智慧化协同作战的实现。鉴于人机融合智能机制、机理破解以及有效的协同方式将成为影响未来战争的关键因素,深度研究态势感知对预测未来战争走向具备一定借鉴意义。     

战场态势感知系统评价方法?

战场态势感知系统主要由传感器系统、通信系统以及其他分系统构成，是现代战争系统的基础组成部分。由于战场态势感知活动广泛作用于物理域、信息域和认知域，相关评价研究面临诸多困难和挑战。在介绍战场态势感知系统相关概念的基础上，重点对其评价方法的研究现状进行了综述，并对不同评价方法的特点进行了分析比较，最后，指出了战场态势感知系统评价方法有待进一步研究和解决的问题。     

【专题】深度态势感知与智能化战争

未来战争是人机环系统融合的战争。它不仅仅是智能化战争,更是智慧化战争。未来的战争不但要打破形式化的数学计算,还要打破传统思维的逻辑计算,是一种结合人、机和环境各方优势互补的新型计算-算计博弈系统。本文以智能化战争为背景,探讨了深度态势感知的概念、内涵与模型;介绍了未来战争中深度态势感知模型发挥的作用,即深度态势感知解决了人工智能中的可解释性、学习及常识三个重要瓶颈;最后,介绍了深度态势感知在未来战争中面临的挑战,包括人机环境系统融合问题、战场中的不确定性以及智慧化协同作战的实现。鉴于人机融合智能机制、机理破解以及有效的协同方式将成为影响未来战争的关键因素,深度研究态势感知对预测未来战争走向具备一定借鉴意义。     

美国太空态势感知能力建设研究

美国是全球太空态势感知能力的领先者,研究其太空态势感知能力建设,有利于推动新时期我国太空态势感知力量建设、提升太空态势感知力量运用效益。通过研究美国太空目标监视、太空环境监测、太空态势信息整合与处理、太空态势感知作战运用等能力水平,分析了美国在目标监视、特性获取、信息解译、任务分配流程、指挥控制、作战应用等方面面临的现实问题,系统阐明了未来美国太空态势感知系统建设、体系运行、指挥控制能力建设的具体途径,归纳了未来美国太空态势感知能力建设的发展趋势。     

基于云端架构的核生化态势感知系统

目前,核生化态势感知系统不具备大数据处理能力,并且不同节点的态势感知信息不对称。为了解决这种不足,引入云端架构,构建了基于"云-端"架构的核生化态势感知系统。该系统"云"、"端"结合,在确保传统功能实现的前提下,提升了传统的数据处理能力,并生成全域战场核生化态势"一张图",为各级作战指挥员作出正确的指挥决策提供了强有力的保障支持。     

美军地基空间态势感知系统的现状与趋势

<正>当前,美军空间态势感知装备体系经历了50多年的发展,在体系完整性、技术成熟度、投资规模等方面具有明显优势,逐步具备了"天地一体、全球覆盖、高低轨兼顾"的空间态势感知能力。在最新发布的2018版《空间联合作战条令》中,美军将空间态势感知能力作为太空作战十大能力之首,进一步彰显了空间态势感知装备建设的重要意义。美军空间态势感知装备包括地基和天基空间态势感知系统。这里着     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.