鱼雷武器系统作战效能的多指标综合评估模型

从现代海战的特点和要求出发,基于系统性和时效性原则,构建了以固有作战能力、可靠性与维修性、保障性和作战适应能力为主要指标的鱼雷武器系统作战效能评估指标体系,提出了鱼雷作战时效性、控制目标能力、抗拦截能力等新的基本指标,建立了鱼雷武器系统作战效能的多指标综合评价模型.相对于ADC等模型,该模型可以对鱼雷武器系统作战效能进行更为科学、全面的评估.     

“潜艇克星”:世界反潜鱼雷概览

鱼雷是海军的重要武器装备,按大小可分为重型鱼雷和轻型鱼雷。它是一种能在水下自行推进的海战兵器。它能自动控制航向、航深,能自动捕捉并跟踪目标,隐蔽性好,命中率高,杀伤威力大。自19世纪60年代问世以来,鱼雷便一直在反舰、反潜作战中发挥着重要作用。在两次世界大战海战中,各方共发射鱼雷4.5万条,共击沉舰艇2598艘;在1950年朝鲜战争中,朝鲜军方发射鱼雷击沉美军1.3万吨的“芝加哥”号巡洋舰;在1982年马岛战争中,英国“征服者”号攻击型核潜艇用3条Mk8鱼雷击沉阿根廷1.36万吨“贝尔格拉诺将军”号巡洋舰。在近几十年局部战争的海战中,鱼…     

日本鱼雷威力大吗?

日本鱼雷发展简史日本是世界上使用鱼雷较早的国家之一,19世纪末在中日甲午战争和日俄海战中首先大量使用了从国外购买的鱼雷,日本鱼雷工业是在1883年购买使用德国“黑     

外军的鱼雷及鱼雷防御技术

在海战环境下,利用鱼雷向敌方舰艇发起攻击是一种常见的、威胁巨大的作战样式。各国海军重视对浅海反潜战的研究,积极发展鱼雷武器及鱼雷防御系统。鱼雷:重点对付安静型柴电潜艇二战后各国相继研制了声自导鱼雷。     

浅谈鱼雷自动控制系统

鱼雷是现代海战中的主要攻击性武器,鱼雷自动控制系统是整个鱼雷的中枢。本文简要介绍鱼雷自动控制系统的组成、功能及典型结构等方面情况。     

潜用鱼雷对大中型水面舰艇的攻击

本文介绍了大、中型水面舰艇在海战中的作用、发展情况,主要阐述如何提高鱼雷性能才能更有效地攻击具有严密防御能力的大、中型水面舰艇,并对发展反舰鱼雷的技术道路,提出了自己的看法。     

五花八门的“水下骗子”

鱼雷投入海战,对军舰构成了巨大威胁。特别是随着现代电子科学的发展,出现了自导鱼雷、线导鱼雷,使得水面舰艇,以及神出鬼没的潜艇再也不敢妄自尊大,掉以轻心了。因为,一条大型鱼雷就可以击沉一艘中型舰艇。在马岛战争中,阿根廷巡洋舰“贝尔格拉诺将军”号就是被英核潜艇用二战中留下的两条鱼雷击沉的。鱼雷的威胁迫使各国海军纷纷研究对付鱼雷的办法,从而有了五花八门的鱼雷诱饵,人们称之为“水下骗子”。     

漫话鱼雷武器(五则)

在海战中发展鱼雷武器是从上个世纪60年代开始发展起来的水中武器,迄今已逾130年,其间共经历了3个发展阶段:从1864年起到1940年为无控制的直航鱼雷阶段;1943年到1970年为有控制的制导鱼雷阶段;从进入70年代末起为智能化鱼雷阶段。现今,世界上拥有鱼雷研制、设计、生产能力的国     

反鱼雷武器系统初析

现代海军舰艇的防御从大范围而言,有三防,即防空、防潜与防水面军舰。细分还可有防空(飞机空袭)、防导弹、防鱼雷、防水雷、防化(毒气)、防火(消防灭火)、防沉(堵漏、抽排水)以及防潜等等。鱼雷问世并经中日甲午海战与日俄海战证实确属有效武器之后,各国海军纷纷使用防雷栅网类器材,对锚泊的舰船进行保护,这可算是最早的防(反)鱼雷系统。显然,这种方法不适用于航行中的舰船。由于当时鱼雷都使用开式循     

二战中的鱼雷趣事

自从1868年奥匈帝同的英籍工程师罗伯特·怀特海德成功研制出第一枚鱼雷后，这种水中“爆破手”就以其非凡的作用和威力，在海战中大显身手，威风八面，战绩显赫。但是，鱼雷在第二次世界大战中也发生了许多趣事。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.