卫星导航抗干扰接收机AGC电路模型分析与优化设计方法

为适应"导航战"下的强干扰输入,导航接收机对模拟信道的动态范围提出了更高的要求。在给定的信噪比恶化容限约束下,原有的分析方法给出了二维曲线分析模型,得到了动态范围的优化设计及各级增益划分方法,但仅适用于输出功率基本不变的自动增益控制电路。基于增加的自动增益控制输出回退功率这一参数,提出了一种三维曲面求解模型,揭示了各电路参量与模拟信道动态范围的约束关系,可适用于输出功率变化的自动增益控制电路,以实现更高的动态范围。针对三维模型中参数求解复杂的问题,利用纯衰减网络的特性,将复杂的数值求解简化为直线求解,大幅降低了设计复杂度。在给出的设计实例中,动态范围测试结果与设计预期吻合较好,验证了方法的正确性。     

大动态范围星载导航接收机AGC电路性能分析与优化设计

"导航战"条件下要求接收机具有较强的抗干扰性能,射频电路是制约接收机抗干扰性能的瓶颈之一。针对星载导航接收机的特点,同时兼顾弱信号接收与强信号接收的情况,以接收机在整个信号范围内工作时能够抑制的干信比J最大为优化目标,分析了电路允许实现的最大干信比Jmax及射频电路各级增益的求解方法;进而针对纯电阻网络组成的特殊AGC电路,简化了求解方法;给出了该类AGC电路的设计实例,测试结果满足35dB的干信比指标要求。分析方法不仅适用于导航接收机设计,还可推广应用于指导各类接收机的设计。     

考虑机内测试诊断的维修任务模型及算法

机内测试设备（Built—in Test Equipment,BITE）在复杂系统中的应用越来越多,由于BITE诊断存在不确定性,就可能导致无效的维修．采用一种考虑BITE诊断不确定性的维修任务选择模型及其求解算法,以在一定置信水平下获得最佳的维修方案．首先,给出了考虑BITE诊断不确定性的维修任务选择问题的假设条件,建立了非线性的、离散的随机机会约束规划模型．其次,设计了求解随机机会约束规划模型的一种基于随机模拟的粒子群算法,包括粒子的表示、适应度函数、更新公式、算法框架等．最后,给出了具体实例,证明了模型与算法的有效性．该模型适用于管理人员在考虑BITE诊断不确定性的情况下做出合理的维修任务选择决策．     

带数据传输的光学卫星成像调度系统关键技术研究

针对光学小卫星成像调度系统设计需求,考虑侧视、存储容量、能量和数据传输等复杂约束,面向小规模问题应用,设计了问题求解流程.建立了顶点和边都带权的成像约束图模型,并提出了基于标记更新最短路算法的复杂约束成像卫星调度算法解决成像方案生成过程;对数传方案生成过程,给出背包模型并采用带回看策略的贪婪启发式方法进行问题求解.实验结果表明,该方法是可行和适用的.     

一种基于导航点的航天器相对运动轨迹生成策略

针对圆(近圆)轨道航天器相对运动的固定时间状态转移问题,提出了一种基于导航点的多脉冲优化轨迹生成策略.从相对运动动力学出发,应用最优控制理论给出了基于连续推力的最优转移轨线,将引入的导航点限定在最优转移轨线上得到其位置参数;然后利用导航点位置参数建立了脉冲约束下的基于脉冲的优化轨迹生成模型,采用二次规划算法求解,通过改变导航点位置和脉冲间隔优化轨迹.仿真算例验证了策略的有效性.     

GNSS多径信道模拟的聚类稀疏拟合方案

针对全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)信道模拟计算量大、硬件资源开销大,不利于实时性能评估和实际工程应用的挑战,提出一种GNSS多径信道模拟的聚类稀疏拟合方案。利用基于K中心聚类信道冲击响应(channel impulse response, CIR)参数萃取的稀疏拟合方法,得到等效精简CIR参数,再以稀疏抽头延迟线结构来实现信道模拟。所提方法在保持多径误差条件下,通过较少抽头数量的抽头延迟线结构滤波器拟合原始GNSS多径信道模型,可以大为简化GNSS信道模型仿真复杂度,而无须庞大的硬件资源。仿真结果表明,通过对参考信道模型生成的信道CIR参数进行稀疏拟合,所提出的方案和方法具有良好的效果。     

子空间预测控制在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

为使固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)输出满足一定约束的稳定电压、提高其输出功率跟踪性能,采用文献中给出的SOFC动态模型,设计了基于子空间矩阵的预测控制器。将子空间辨识和预测控制算法结合起来,直接从开环输入输出数据获得预测控制器的控制矩阵,而不须经过中间参数模型辨识的步骤。仿真结果验证了所提子空间预测控制算法(SPC)的实用性。     

非均一系动态过滤问题电路模拟解

本文根据从管道流体系统中导出的电路模拟元件,分析了层流状态下过滤单元的造型,指出了动态固、液分离的可行性,给出了网络模型,讨论了有关设计中的问题。     

气动参数不确定度对防空导弹制导精度的影响北大核心

防空导弹制导精度的提高对气动参数的精确性提出了更高的要求。在导弹的方案论证阶段,针对数值计算气动参数的不确定度进行了分析,并利用区间分析法得出不确定度范围。建立导弹制导控制六自由度仿真模型,完成不同速度区间下气动参数不确定度对防空导弹制导精度的影响分析。根据对仿真结果的分析,给出了在制导精度约束下,数值计算气动参数精细化设计方案。     

基于实际飞行数据插值的INS/GNSS组合导航仿真轨迹发生器

针对INS/GNSS组合导航仿真中,捷联惯导系统陀螺、加速度计信号高精度模拟问题,提出了基于实际飞行数据插值的动态轨迹解析生成仿真算法。对转换到地心惯性坐标系中的载体姿态、位置和重力场数据进行关于时间的样条函数插值,得到载体坐标系下陀螺角速率、角增量以及加速度计比力积分增量的高精度分段解析表达式。使生成的陀螺、加速度计信号符合载体运动学和动力学特性,反映杆臂效应影响,同时与经事后处理的实测GNSS伪距、伪距率等数据特征保持一致。提出了四元数约束插值算法,可满足四元数解析插值时范数为1的约束限制条件。基于某实际无人机飞行数据,验证了所提出算法的有效性,完全满足组合导航动态仿真精度要求。该算法也适用于其他高精度高动态导航系统和刚体运动控制仿真中的角运动、线运动传感器信号模拟。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.