轴向输出TE10模式的紧凑型相对论磁控管的粒子模拟

研究了一种轴向输出TE10模式的紧凑型相对论磁控管,该器件采用6谐振腔结构并工作在π模式上,通过4腔轴向输出的结构设计使得谐振腔结构与矩形输出波导之间形成了较好的过渡,实现了矩形TE10模式的微波输出。与衍射输出相对论磁控管相比,这种结构设计不仅能减小磁控管的轴向和径向的尺寸,使得系统更加紧凑化,而且能在输出波导中获得更加纯净的低阶微波模式。利用粒子模拟软件,初步分析和优化了器件的工作性能。模拟结果表明:当电压为500k V,磁场为0.5T时,该器件的工作频率为2.58GHz,输出功率为1.0GW,功率转换效率达到25.0%。     

多波切仑柯夫振荡器的设计

采用相对论全电磁模粒子模拟程序，对多波切仑柯夫振荡器进行了设计，给出了一套结构参数。模拟结果表明：所设计的器件在较宽的运行条件下（Ud＝300～500kV，Ib＝0．45～10kA，τγ＝10～102ns）能产生相干微波，微波频率位于X波段（～10GHz），辐射效率在10％左右，最大输出功率约300MW．     

轴向提取反馈式虚阴极振荡器的结构设计与特性

为进一步提高虚阴极振荡器输出微波的功率和效率,同时为使其输出微波的频率更加稳定、模式更加单纯,设计了一种轴向提取的反馈式虚阴极振荡器,并利用粒子模拟方法分析了反馈装置对输出微波的影响,得到了一些规律性的认识。模拟结果表明,在相同的运行条件下,与不加反馈装置时的普通虚阴极振荡器相比,这种反馈式虚阴极振荡器的微波输出功率可以提高两倍以上,而且带宽窄、模式纯。     

同轴插板式模式转换器反射特性

同轴插板式模式转换器是一种新型高功率微波TEM-TE11模式转换器。回顾了模式转换器中的模式转换过程,通过分析不同模式转换过程中波导不连续性结构的反射特性,得到了模式转换器总的反射特性。指出不连续性结构将在输入口形成同轴TEM和同轴TE11反射模;通过选择模式转换器的内外径尺寸可以消除TE11反射模;通过在输入口引入匹配金属杆和合理设计内导体末端锥体结构可以减小TEM反射模。     

冷阴极高阻抗相对论速调管放大器的模拟研究

采用粒子模拟软件,建立了冷阴极发射实心束的高阻抗相对论速调管放大器模型。该模型由1个带屏蔽环的二极管,5个简单药盒型谐振腔和1个锥形收集极构成。为了给具有高效率的高阻抗相对论速调管提供实心束,同时实现设备的简单化和紧凑化,采用冷阴极取代传统的热电子枪,不仅易操作而且大大降低能耗和经费。在传统二极管阴极侧面引入屏蔽环,利用屏蔽极大地提高电子束阻抗,同时屏蔽环的位置和形状能明显降低非发射区的场强,并且有效改善阴极端面发射的均匀性。在束波互作用区,通过依次调节末前腔和输出腔的位置并结合导引磁场的大小对输出的微波进行优化,结果表明:在二极管发射电压525k V、电流328A的实心束及外加磁场0.35T的条件下,当注入功率为1k W时,在11.424GHz的中心频率处获得了功率81MW,效率47%,增益49d B的微波。     

微波反馈调制型虚阴极振荡器的粒子模拟

用三维全电磁PIC方法对一种利用反馈微波信号调制入射电子束的新型虚阴极振荡器进行了粒子模拟研究。在外加450kV电压的自洽发射状态下,得到的微波峰值输出功率可达数百兆瓦,微波主频位于C波段,瞬时峰值效率≥5％,主模式为TE10模,与试验结果符合较好。     

冷阴极高阻抗相对论速调管放大器的模拟研究*(高功率微波专题组稿)

采用MAGIC 2.5-D模拟软件,建立了基于冷阴极发射实心束的高阻抗相对论速调管放大器模型。该模型由一个带屏蔽环的二极管,5个简单药盒型谐振腔和1个锥形收集极构成。为了给具有高效率的高阻抗相对论速调管提供实心束,同时实现设备的简单化和紧凑化,采用冷阴极取代传统的热电子枪,不仅易操作而且大大降低能耗和经费。通过在传统二极管阴极侧面引入屏蔽环,利用屏蔽极大地提高电子束阻抗,同时其位置和形状能明显降低非发射区的场强,并且有效改善阴极端面发射的均匀性。在束波互作用区,通过依次调节末前腔和输出腔的位置并结合导引磁场的大小对输出的微波进行优化,结果表明：在二极管发射电压525 kV、电流328 A的实心束及外加磁场0.35 T的条件下, 当注入功率为1 kW时, 在11.424GHz的中心频率处获得了功率81 MW,效率47 %,增益49 dB的微波。     

带渐变过渡型提取结构的Ku波段磁绝缘线振荡器

提出了一种渐变过渡型的微波同轴提取结构,解决了采用传统的均匀同轴提取结构的Ku波段磁绝缘线振荡器中存在的输出模式不纯和TEM模传输效率较低的问题。模拟结果表明,渐变过渡型提取结构实现了微波的高效提取和单一的同轴TEM模输出;过渡后的同轴结构利于支撑杆的设计,满足了同轴TEM模的传输要求。与传统的均匀同轴提取结构相比,渐变过渡型提取结构能够适量提高器件的品质因数,进而加强束波作用,加快微波起振。     

四分之一模基片集成波导谐振结构的研究

文章首先从基片集成波导谐振腔场结构出发,在半模谐振腔的基础上提出了四分之一模谐振腔结构。设计了一个两级四分之一模谐振器组成的基片集成波导滤波器,利用HFSS电磁仿真软件分析了滤波器的性能,结果显示滤波器通带阻带特性均能满足一般工程应用要求,验证了四分之一模结构的可行性。     

毫米波/激光/红外共口径复合光学系统设计

提出一种共口径毫米波/半主动激光/红外三模复合光学系统设计,采用抛物面天线-卡塞格伦光学系统的复合结构,3种探测模式共用主反射镜,在次镜实现红外能量与激光、毫米波能量分离;为减少激光探测器对毫米波传输的遮挡,采用特殊光学设计,使用直角反射光波导将激光点光斑分成4份分别导入位于光轴中心边缘相距90°的4个分离的单元象限器件上;毫米波馈源位于光波导前方,通过微波波导与电子舱中的毫米波收发器件连接。这种光学结构方式口径利用率高,结构紧凑,能有效实现3种探测制导方式的复合。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.