潜艇规避被动声纳浮标阵方法及期望驶离时间

基于对反潜巡逻机布放被动声纳浮标阵的研究,对方形阵的布放建立了模型。利用该模型研究了我潜艇规避被动浮标声纳阵的方法。通过计算,得出潜艇驶离被动声纳浮标阵搜索范围的期望时间,用选取的声纳浮标阵间距和潜艇规避速度对结果进行分析,为潜艇的下一步行动提供辅助决策。     

反潜鱼雷、声纳浮标投射模型研究

以反潜巡逻机使用声纳浮标和鱼雷反潜武器为研究对象,在简单描述鱼雷和声纳浮标投放、入水过程的基础上,重点分析了它们的飞行性能,即飞行过程中鱼雷和声纳浮标的位置、速度、加速度和方位的计算模型,并进行了分析。这对于研究鱼雷和浮标的空中弹道,提高布放声纳浮标的位置精度和鱼雷攻击潜艇效果都有十分重要的意义。     

“迪卡斯”声纳浮标探潜盲区与潜艇的规避分析

针对"迪卡斯"声纳浮标存在探潜盲区的问题,通过分析和计算研究潜艇利用盲区规避的可行性.分析了单枚声纳浮标的探测盲区、两枚声纳浮标的重叠盲区和三种典型的声纳浮标阵型,在计算机上实现了"迪卡斯"声纳浮标阵探测盲区的可视化,通过大量计算和分析,得出了潜艇利用盲区规避反潜飞机跟踪的可行性;尽管利用盲区可造成迪卡斯声纳浮标探测的中断,但利用盲区并非所有情况下的最优方法,通过计算机仿真可以找出各?鼢 种态势下潜艇的最优规避方法.     

声纳浮标搜潜优化布放技术研究

在航空搜潜中为了提高搜索概率,需要优化声纳浮标群的布放位置。首先建立目标运动模型和累积搜索概率的计算方法,然后采用多点随机搜索、分区&分支界定和遗传算法对规则阵形和不规则阵形的声纳浮标群的布放位置进行优化,相应地建构了三种声纳浮标搜潜优化布放方法。仿真结果表明：在简单环境下搜潜,用前两种方法优化规则浮标阵的阵形参数,其搜索概率高而且运算时间短;在复杂环境下搜潜,利用遗传算法优化不规则浮标阵的布放位置,具有最高的搜索概率但运算时间较长。     

基于先验目标概略航向的双机搜潜方法

针对在反潜直升机执行应召搜潜任务时,已知目标潜艇概略航向,当出动两架反潜直升机执行应召搜潜任务时,反潜直升机采取的双机搜潜方法,声纳投放位置及使用时机问题和难点,提出了反潜直升机的一种新搜潜方法"前堵后追"法,即一架反潜直升机在潜艇目标丢失点位置沿潜艇逃离的概略方向执行扇形搜索,另一架反潜直升机在所确定概略方向的远界投放声纳浮标,充分利用吊放声纳与声纳浮标执行对潜搜索任务,发挥反潜直升机高机动性能的优势,提高发现概率。最后,进行了仿真实验,仿真实验结果表明反潜双机"前堵后追"法能较好地解决双机搜潜情况下,对已知概略航向目标潜艇的搜索问题,反潜直升机发现潜艇的概率相对于其他双机搜潜方法有较明显的改善。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的浮标定位方法

由于浮标的随机漂移,在航空搜潜过程中,需要定期对浮标的位置进行更新。根据航空搜潜声纳浮标与飞机的相对方位信息,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波技术,分析了计算浮标位置的原理、方法,建立了相应的系统模型和仿真算法,从估计的相对位置误差和均方根误差两个方面,仿真分析了系统的误差性能。结果表明,该定位模型能够成功地跟踪浮标的位置,并具有较高的定位精度。     

基于解析算法的声纳浮标搜潜系统定位精度分析

针对基于位置时间参数解析算法的声纳浮标阵搜潜系统的定位精度问题,采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法展开了研究。从解析定位模型出发,首先定性分析浮标自身的定位误差与传感器测时误差对航速及航向角计算的影响;然后选取评价指标,采用蒙特卡洛方法进行了仿真分析,得到了不同仿真条件下各个因素对定位精度具体的影响关系,这些结论为根据精度参数合理选择浮标阵的数量及布放阵型提供了依据。     

声纳浮标均匀布放问题研究

针对声纳浮标的均匀布放问题,借鉴喷泉最优布放模型对此进行了研究。对声纳浮标的作用距离、平均场强、平均偏离强度进行建模,采用数值算法对正三角形阵的最优布放间隔进行了计算,并对其余两种阵型的计算方法进行了论述。经分析,认为正三角形、正四边形、正六边形是符合要求的三种基本阵型。所求得浮标间距能够满足工程上的要求,能够为反潜机的浮标布放提供决策依据。     

潜艇对声纳浮标阵定位及规避策略

航空反潜战中,潜艇处于不利地位,如何提高潜艇对抗反潜机的作战能力,是亟待解决的问题。分析了潜艇通过拖曳综合浮标和电子支援措施Electronic Support Measure(ESM)设备对声纳浮标阵进行估计定位的单站双址交叉测向和基于方位角变化率的方法,以及潜艇方位角、角速率和航速对定位误差的影响。建立了潜艇对声纳浮标位置估计模型,提出了潜艇突破声纳浮标阵封锁应采用的规避策略。结果表明,潜艇可以对声纳浮标进行定位,为潜艇规避声纳浮标阵提供参考。     

被动声纳浮标目标运动分析及其仿真计算

针对直升机搜索潜艇的特点,研究了被动声纳浮标目标运动分析问题。对固定目标和匀速直线运动目标,分别应用确定性计算和线性最小二乘法进行数学建模及其仿真。仿真结果表明该模型可行,能对被动式声纳浮标搜潜的目标定位提供算法依据。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.