对空警戒雷达网抗干扰效能模型

雷达网的抗干扰效能指标和模型一直是国内外效能评估领域的研究重点。针对对空警戒雷达网抗干扰效能指标和数学模型开展研究,首先从对空警戒雷达网的功能和任务分析出发,提出了度量雷达网抗干扰效能的两个指标,即有源压制性干扰下的预警距离和预警时间;然后通过理论推导建立了上述指标的数学模型;最后设定雷达组网方案和空情想定,利用所建立的模型进行了算例分析和验证,给出了一些有益的结果。     

分布式干扰下雷达组网探测效能分析

针对雷达和干扰机两种重要组网体系的战术对抗应用,采用等效噪声功率谱密度表征干扰特性,推导出多干扰源下的雷达探测距离方程;并提出了区域网格融合算法,实现了分布式干扰下雷达网不规则探测区域绘制;对于评估雷达网作战效能具有重要工程应用价值。     

数据融合在组网雷达作战效能发挥中的应用

在现代战争中组网雷达由于充分利用了各单部雷达的资源和数据融合技术的优势,使得在探测、定位、跟踪、识别、威胁判断等方面的雷达网整体性能得以大幅度改善,从而使整体作战能力得到极大提高,使其在现代战争尤其是争夺制电磁权方面扮演了越来越重要的角色.介绍了组网雷达的概念并对其所具有的优越作战能力进行了初步探讨和分析,然后阐述了数据融合技术在组网雷达作战效能发挥中的应用,最后从理论研究的角度详细分析了秩K融合规则、贝叶斯推理法、最大似然法等数据融合算法在组网雷达融合发现概率模型的建立及对敌方空袭目标战术意图识别方面的具体应用.     

模拟退火算法在雷达网优化部署中的应用

针对区域防空雷达网是防空作战空情预警的发展趋势,研究了雷达网优化部署问题。利用模拟退火算法全局搜索和避免局部极化的特点,结合雷达网优化部署数学模型,给出了具体的求解步骤,并通过计算机仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。结果表明,该算法的应用为雷达指挥所指挥员和作战参谋提供了雷达组网方案的辅助分析,提高了指挥所在多种战术背景下的快速反应能力和整体作战指挥能力。     

对抗条件下雷达部署优化方法研究

针对强对抗环境下雷达网面临隐身、低空突防、复杂电子干扰等威胁问题,提出了基于雷达网探测威力和重点目标跟监能力相结合的大区域组网雷达优化部署方法,建立了雷达组网优化部署的评估指标体系和综合效能计算模型,给出了基于人工蜂群算法的雷达组网优化部署求解过程。仿真实验表明,该方法能显著提高组网效能,对雷达网作战有参考价值。     

SOJ干扰条件下雷达网目标跟踪条件CRLB

针对雷达检测概率评估雷达网抗干扰效能方法的局限性,通过对雷达天线和检测概率模型的分析,利用单雷达检测/漏检事件,推导了干扰环境下雷达网的条件CRLB,给出了干扰条件下目标跟踪误差所能达到的一个下界,从而提出了组网雷达基于条件CRLB的效能评估方法,同时从理论上证明了雷达组网的优越性。实验仿真结果表明,SOJ干扰下,利用CRLB可以很明显地证明雷达网融合跟踪比单部雷达性能要好,能比较准确地评估干扰环境下雷达网的性能,因此所述方法具有一定的实际工程意义。     

复杂电磁环境下舰艇防空预警问题

通过对雷达最大作用距离方程和雷达接收机获得的综合信噪比方程的研究,分析复杂电磁环境对舰载警戒雷达探测效果的影响;运用香农公式以及数字通信系统误码率公式,分析了复杂电磁环境对舰载直升机战术数据链通信的数据率和误码率的影响;并从电磁兼容、电磁频谱管控、雷达合理组网部署等技术、战术层面对提高舰载防空探测设备预警能力提出几点建议。     

基于对象petri网的雷达组网系统应用效能研究

建立了复杂环境下雷达网防空作战系统OPDL模型,并嵌入相关的数学模型,对雷达网在防空作战中的应用效能进行了仿真分析,给出了定量的分析结论。研究表明,雷达组网技术的运用有效提高了防空武器系统的作战能力,为深入分析研究雷达网的作战效能奠定了基础。     

雷达组网系统仿真试验信息源软件研制

针对目前雷达模拟器不能满足雷达组网系统调试与模拟测试需求的问题,在分析雷达组网系统测试信息源功能需求的基础上,采用纯软件的实现方法,从体系结构、功能模块和信息流3个方面对系统进行了详细的设计,讨论分析了具体技术实现中的几个关键问题,给出了具体的仿真实例。系统测试结果验证了设计的合理性,该设计满足了雷达组网系统测试对目标和雷达控制灵活性等多方面的需求。     

压制干扰下基于融合规则的雷达网威力仿真

针对压制干扰对雷达网的威胁描述问题,研究了雷达网的探测威力模型.根据雷达基本方程和压制干扰下的雷达方程,结合单部雷达的检测概率模型,研究了一种基于融合规则的雷达网探测范围及探测威力的绘制算法,并用MATLAB进行仿真实现,结果表明,基于融合规则的雷达网探测范围和探测威力均较融合前增大,更好地体现了雷达组网的优势,该算法亦为衡量雷达网的融合能力及抗干扰能力提供了参考.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.