基于多信号模型的计量策略设计与验证

装备可计量性的理论方法研究对提高装备的计量保障水平具有重要意义。针对国内缺乏装备可计量性模型的现状,提出了可计量性分析设计的多信号模型方法。系统总结了可计量性多信号模型的基本理论,详细介绍了在单超差假设及不考虑组元可靠性、计量时间和费用影响下的超差检查用检定和超差定位用检定操作优选算法以及计量策略制定方法。建立了信号产生系统多信号模型,给出了超差-检定相关性矩阵,分析了信号产生系统的计量检定树,结论与信号产生系统实际检定方法相符,实例证明,此方法合理有效。     

消防法中责令停止执业的法律依据

《消防法》规定的责令停止执业是对有法定消防行政违法行为的单位予以暂停相应资质、资格的一种处罚措施。其处罚主体为国家认证认可监督管理委员会以及地方质检部门;其处罚过程应适用听证程序,并确认、核实情节是否严重;其处罚实施应附有合理期限,同时需要采取相应保障措施。     

PSPICE仿真的测试性验证方法

阐明了对复杂电子设备测试性进行验证的重要性,介绍了PSPICE软件的特点,对基于PSPICE仿真的电子设备测试性验证方法进行了研究,提出了电子设备测试性验证的具体方案.在确定电子设备测试性验证指标的基础上,通过实例分析对方案进行验证,并对实验结果进行了分析,总结了验证过程中存在的问题.实验表明,基于PSPICE仿真的测试性验证方法是可行的.     

基于TAU和SA的体系结构验证方法研究

TAU和SA是顶层设计领域广泛使用的成熟商业软件,具备对体系结构部分模型进行验证的能力。在分析体系结构验证的概念及验证内容的基础上,较完整地从语法层、语义层、语用层三个层次提出了基于TAU和SA的体系结构验证方法。以无人机侦察系统体系结构验证为例,说明了TAU和SA在状态图可达性验证和作战规则合理性验证上的有效性和实用性。     

THE ROLLBACK OF LIBYA'S CHEMICAL WEAPONS PROGRAM

In 2003, Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi agreed to eliminate his country's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and long-range Scud missiles under strict verification by U.S. and British experts and international inspectors. This article examines the negotiation and implementation of Libya's WMD rollback, with a primary focus on its chemical weapons program, and draws some lessons for the future. Although the Libyan case was unique in many ways, some aspects have relevance for other countries, including the critical role played by multilateral nonproliferation organizations, the utility of economic sanctions and export controls, the importance of a flexible U.S. disarmament funding mechanism, the value of rotating technical assistance teams in and out of the country that is disarming, and the desirability of remaining politically engaged with a former proliferator after rollback is complete.     

MANAGING BIORISKS:

The misuse of biological research is increasingly becoming a prominent policy concern. One regulatory measure that has gained considerable support over the last few years in response to this is voluntary self-governance by the scientific community, and in particular codes of conduct. This article charts the rise of the policy debate on codes, highlighting the involvement of the scientific community. Shifting the focus from policy to practice, it explores the effectiveness of codes of conduct as a regulatory measure by examining our experiences of how another voluntary self-governance regime in the biosciences has worked in practice. Noting limitations with voluntary self-governance as a regulatory tool to prevent misuse, this article includes a reflection on the attention paid to codes of conduct in policy discussions, arguing that there are at least three possible interpretations.     

潜艇闭环消磁中外部空间的磁场推算

利用实时测量的内部磁场值准确推算出外部空间目标磁场值是潜艇实现闭环消磁要解决的关键技术之一。通过虚拟磁源法,得到了表征潜艇内外空间磁场变化量之间关系的表达式。对利用积分方程法模拟得到的潜艇模型内外空间磁场进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明:用内部数据推算得到的外部空间磁场与仿真数据几乎完全吻合。在实验室用潜艇模型进行了验证实验,推算数据与实测数据依然吻合,相对均方根误差最大为6.5%,该方法可用于潜艇闭环消磁中外部空间磁场推算。     

基于测试性验证的故障注入系统设计研究

在以往的装备设计中多是按照实际需求,往往忽略了测试性验证,为装备的使用埋下隐患．以测试性验证为基础,设计了一套故障注入系统,并将其应用于某型号装备的自动驾驶仪设计阶段．实验表明,该系统能够快速有效地对装备实施故障注入并给出量化结果．     

信号源检定装置不确定度的评定

在填写"建立计量标准技术报告"时,要求报告中所涉及的内容要准确、可靠,对所测的数据及实验结果要实事求是。其重要目的是应根据分析结果直接判断计量标准是否符合国家检定系统表和国家计量检定规程的要求,做出计量标准是否可以开展所申请项目的检定校准工作的结论。就不确定度的评定做了详尽的分析,并给出了相应的算法。     

Deferred verification: the role of new verification technologies and approaches

ABSTRACT

Researchers have recently proposed a new approach to nuclear-arms-control verification, dubbed “deferred verification.” The concept forgoes inspections at sensitive nuclear sites and of nuclear weapons or components in classified form. To implement this concept, a state first divides its nuclear program into a closed segment and an open segment. The total fissile-material inventory in the closed segment, which includes the weapon complex, is known and declared with very high accuracy. Essentially no inspections take place in the closed segment. In contrast, inspectors have access to the open segment, which includes in particular the civilian nuclear sector. The fissile-material inventory in the open segment is known with less accuracy, but uncertainties can be reduced over time using nuclear-archaeology methods. Deferred verification relies primarily on established safeguards techniques and avoids many unresolved verification challenges, such as the need for information barriers for warhead confirmation measurements. At the same time, deferred verification faces some unique challenges. Here, we explore some of these challenges and offer possible solutions; to do so, we examine possible noncompliance strategies in which a state would seek to withhold a higher-than-declared inventory.     

基于Bayes理论的装备维修性验证方法

针对装甲装备关键部件维修性验证中出现的小子样问题,提出了基于Bayes理论的小子样维修性验证,重点针对对数正态分布下维修性指标验证的验后似然比验证方法进行了深入研究。通过对装甲装备某关键部件的试验数据的实例分析,验证了该方法在减少样本容量及试验费用方面的有效性和合理性。     

面向验证的启发技术设计

采用有效的人工智能技术提高验证效率正成为解决验证复杂性的手段之一。本文针对STG（State Transition Graph）中状态枚举数据量大的问题,提出隐含遍历的状态映射策略。并根据状态存储和电路结构特征,重点研究了HASH表状态冲突处理、函数域限定、函数不相交分解和混合搜索等启发技术策略。     

装备全寿命过程保障性验证技术总体构想

从分析我军装备保障性验证工作当前存在的问题入手,构建了全寿命过程的装备保障性验证技术总体研究框架,确定了主要研究内容,并提供了研究方案,探讨了关键技术的突破要点,为有针对性地、有步骤、系统地开展装备保障性验证技术研究奠定了基础．     

Deferred verification: verifiable declarations of fissile-material stocks for disarmament purposes

ABSTRACT

Nuclear disarmament is often seen as eventually requiring access to nuclear warheads or to the warhead-dismantlement process to verify that a state has not hidden weapons or weapon-materials despite promising to disarm. This article suggests this view is misplaced, and that what is needed is a verification mechanism able to provide reliable assurances of the absence of fissile materials available for use in weapons after a state has disarmed. Such a mechanism will need an initial declaration of the amount of fissile materials held by a state for all purposes, military and civilian. In a state with a nuclear arsenal awaiting elimination, this declaration would have to include materials that may not be available for verification because they are in nuclear weapons or are in other classified or proliferation-sensitive forms. This article describes a verification arrangement that does not require access to materials in weapons and in sensitive forms while still allowing checks on the overall accuracy of the declaration. Verification of the completeness and correctness of the declaration is deferred to the time when the weapons-relevant material enters the disposition process, at which point it no longer has any sensitive attributes. By removing the focus on monitoring warheads and dismantlement, this new approach could provide a more manageable path to nuclear disarmament.     

一种开放式PKI身份认证模型的研究

分析了传统PKI(Public Key Infrastructure)身份认证模型存在的问题,基于OCSP(Online Certificate Status Protocol)协议的证书状态验证服务和密钥验证服务相分离,造成了传统PKI身份认证模型的信任度下降,增加了身份认证的风险,跨CA(Certificate Authority)认证复杂度高,CA机构提供的身份认证服务不完整等问题。提出了一种开放式PKI身份认证模型,由CA中心独立完成两个验证服务,将OCSP应答机制改进为提供身份证明文件的方式,可有效解决上述问题。通过云信任评估模型对两种认证模型进行了量化评估,证明了本文提出的开放式身份认证模型可有效提高信任度。对该模型进行了原型实现,重点对性能问题进行了优化,实验测试表明,该模型具有实用价值。     

可判定条件下的零知识证明

零知识证明是密码学关注的问题之一。在可判定条件下，运用代数学中群的共轭性质进行零知识证明，其实例就是数学中关于寻找共轭子的困难性问题。     

A strategic model for state compliance verification

The theory of directed graphs and noncooperative games is applied to the problem of verification of State compliance to international treaties on arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Hypothetical treaty violations are formulated in terms of illegal acquisition paths for the accumulation of clandestine weapons, weapons‐grade materials or some other military capability. The paths constitute the illegal strategies of a sovereign State in a two‐person inspection game played against a multi‐ or international Inspectorate charged with compliance verification. The effectiveness of existing or postulated verification measures is quantified in terms of the Inspectorate's expected utility at Nash equilibrium. A prototype software implementation of the methodology and a case study are presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 260–271, 2016     

基于全局时态逻辑(GTL)的验证和测试生成研究

基于时态逻辑,定义了标准的逻辑操作公式、公理和扩展定理。根据测试生成和验证所要求的初始特性,提出了全局时态逻辑（Global Temporal Logic）GTL,避免了验证和测试中的回溯问题,从而提高验证和测试的效率。另外根据电路节点的扇入和扇出特性,介绍了利用时序线等启发知识来提高搜索策略的方法。     

论火灾损失的核定

对火灾损失核定中存在的问题进行了较深入的分析,通过引入中介组织,成立专家小组,注重时效性,加强人员素质等几方面来解决火灾损失核定中遇到的难题,建议对有关规定进行修改,并且发展火灾公众责任保险,来推进火灾损失核定工作。     

反舰导弹仿真中的目标命中判断问题

阐述了模型校核的意义和作用。对属于模型校核范畴的仿真中的系统状态不连贯问题的基本概念通过乒乓球的下落和反舰导弹攻击目标舰艇的例子进行了说明。介绍了已有的解决系统状态不连贯问题的三种方法,并进行了优、缺点分析。给出了反舰导弹仿真中的目标命中判断模型。指出,反舰导弹仿真中的目标命中判断问题是一个系统状态不连贯问题。为解决该问题,提出并应用了一种新方法预测法。利用预测法,最多进行两步最小步长仿真,就能够以要求的精确度检测到任何一个系统状态不连贯。相对于以前的三种方法,在提高仿真效率的同时,预测法还能够避免对系统状态不连贯问题的漏检。