随机共振技术在微弱舰船轴频电场信号检测中的应用

针对在强背景噪声中检测微弱舰船轴频电场信号的问题,提出了基于随机共振技术的检测方法.首先,介绍了随机共振利用噪声增强信号能量从而提高信噪比的基本原理,并在此基础上给出了利用随机共振检测微弱周期信号的模型.然后,将低信噪比的船模轴频电场测量数据输入到检测模型并对输出信号作功率谱分析,结果表明:随机共振技术能十分有效地从复杂背景噪声中检测出微弱舰船轴频电场信号,在微弱信号处理领域相比传统方法具有很大的优势.最后,结合检测实例,初步分析了系统参数对随机共振系统输出信号频谱分布的影响,为随机共振技术的进一步工程应用打下了良好的基础.     

增量元学习IDBD算法在轴频电场信号检测中的应用

为了提高海洋环境电场背景中微弱舰船轴频电场的检测能力,针对传统的最小均方误差算法进行了改进,提出了一种基于增量元学习IDBD算法的自适应线谱增强器。利用所提算法对舰船缩比模型产生的实测轴频电场信号数据进行处理,结果表明该算法在低信噪比的情况下能够有效地将微弱轴频电场信号从宽带背景噪声中分离出来。所提算法相比于普通的自适应线谱算法,在改善信号的信噪比方面效果更加显著,且具有更快的收敛速度和更小的稳态误差,极大提高了舰船轴频电场的检测能力。     

基于三稳随机共振的舰船轴频电场弱信号检测研究

针对含噪舰船轴频电场弱信号特征频率检测困难的问题,首先在引入基于三稳随机共振算法的基础上,研究了三稳系统势函数特性,并给出了三稳随机共振的临界幅值的计算方法;然后,设计了基于三稳随机共振的频率大参数信号检测方法;最后,开展了随机共振仿真分析,并对实测信号进行了轴频检测实验,结果表明:该方法能较好地分离出轴频弱信号的频率特征。     

基于自适应累量算法的舰船轴频电场信号检测方法

提出一种新的舰船轴频电场信号检测方法.该方法利用高阶累量对高斯噪声的抑制作用,首先使用基于自适应累量算法的FIR滤波器对接收信号进行滤波消噪处理,以提高信噪比;然后再对滤波输出信号进行滑动功率谱检测.实测数据处理结果表明了该方法的稳健性和有效性.     

基于数字信道化的极微弱信号载波频率引导模块设计与实现

针对深空探测中常规点数的FFT无法对极微弱信号进行精确的频率引导,而超长点数的FFT无法用现有器件实现,提出一种基于数字信道化的并行FFT频率引导方法.接收信号先经过数字信道化处理,均匀划分为若干窄带信号,然后分别对各子带信号进行FFT运算,最后通过对各子带有效谱线的联合检测完成载波频率的精确估计.在等效219点FFT的频率引导模块FPGA实现中,通过FFT模块的复用节约了硬件资源开销.测试结果表明:在8MHz采样率下该模块的测频精度小于10Hz.     

外加信号增强随机共振在微弱信号检测中的应用

在利用随机共振检测微弱周期信号的基本原理基础上,给出一种通过外加可控信号激励出随机共振现象,并将之应用于微弱信号检测的方法。采用仿真信号对该方法进行了验证,通过归一化尺度变换,将该方法的适用频率扩展到机械系统特征信号频段。结果表明,该方法简单可行,能把信噪比较低的周期信号从强背景噪声中提取出来,在机械故障检测中具有应用前景。     

基于高阶谱净化的水声目标宽带调制信号检测

针对水声目标解调谱轴频提取中低信噪比和低频信号干扰严重的问题,给出了一种检测水声目标辐射噪声宽带调制信号的方法。首先利用希尔波特变换解调出信号包络,进而计算出解调谱;根据螺旋桨桨叶旋转产生的调制线谱存在明显的谐波关系,利用高阶累计量对角切片对解调谱进行净化;根据线谱波形特征进行线谱检测识别得到比较干净的线谱成分。通过实际舰船噪声检验分析,该调制信号检测方法能够较好的检测出水下目标辐射噪声中调制线谱的基频以及谐波成分。     

基于AR预测模型的船舶轴频电场实时检测方法

船舶的腐蚀和防腐电流经螺旋桨转动的调制后会在海水中产生极低频的轴频电场,并成为一种重要的目标特征信号源,但其在海洋环境中衰减较快的特点给目标检测带来了困难.通过对船舶轴频电场以及海洋环境电场噪声与测量电路自噪声的分析,提出了一种能够在低信噪比下检测船舶轴频电场的方法.从对噪声信号的预测入手建立AR模型,以该模型对电场噪...     

源于磁性轴旋转的轴频磁场建模方法

轴频磁场因频率低、水下传播距离远的特点而成为水下探测的被动信号源。为了实现对水下目标轴频磁场的可靠探测,首先在实船试验的基础上,明确了轴频电场耦合产生的轴频磁场外还存在新的轴频磁场源;然后,在模拟轴低频磁场测量的基础上,揭示了源于磁性轴旋转的轴频磁场的产生机理,且基于旋转椭球体模型建立了磁性轴旋转轴频磁场的数学模型;最后,通过实船试验,验证了源于磁性轴旋转轴频磁场的可探测性。结果表明：在42 m距离范围外,磁通门传感器能够可靠探测磁性轴旋转产生的轴频磁场信号,该信号可成为一种新的水下探测源。     

基于Radon变换的LFM信号检测与参数估计

提出了一种基于RAT法和RWT法的快速算法,研究噪声环境中线性调频信号的检测以及参数估计问题.该方法对信号的检测通过一维搜索完成,同时对调频率识别比较准确,在此基础上,通过窄带通滤波器对LFM信号去除大部分的噪声能量.和其他基于二维时频分析工具的算法相比,降低了计算的复杂度,其实现更为简便.最后通过计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.