金属泡沫复合材料夹芯结构的压痕响应实验

金属泡沫夹芯结构是近年来新出现的一种明显具有结构和功能一体化特点的新型轻质材料,它在临近空间飞行器、航海及汽车等领域有着广阔的应用前景。以以纤维增强复合材料面板、闭孔泡沫铝芯子为特征的复合材料夹芯结构为研究对象,对其在球形压头作用下的压痕响应、损伤模式、变形机制和失效机理进行理论分析和实验研究。研究发现,泡沫铝复合材料夹芯结构的压痕响应是夹芯结构的各个组成部分的响应、相互作用以及压头属性的综合作用结果。泡沫铝复合材料夹芯结构在球压头作用下的损伤模式为基体开裂、纤维断裂、层间分层、泡沫铝的屈服及剪切断裂五种失效模式。     

夹芯复合材料圆柱壳在静水压力下的承载能力试验

为研究极限复合材料圆柱壳在静水压力下的损伤现象和机理,首先基于钢制耐压壳比重大以及声学和磁学性能差的缺点,提出了使用夹芯复合材料圆柱壳作为潜水器耐压壳的新型结构形式;然后,采用试验研究,比较了两种模量芯材的夹芯复合材料圆柱壳结构在静水压力下的承载能力;最后,根据两种壳体的特点,设计了两种不同的试验方案进行试验,得到了壳体的失效载荷,并通过应变片测定了壳体复合材料表层上相应测点在试验过程中的应变数据。得到以下结果:HW-S01壳体受到屈曲效应的破坏,而HW-055壳体由于局部复合材料应力过载而失效;HW-S01壳体的试验失效荷载为1.34 MPa,HW-055壳体的失效载荷为11.2 MPa。试验结果表明:该夹芯复合材料圆柱壳有能力承受超过1 000 m水深的静水压力,可以对大潜深潜水器全复合材料耐压壳的设计研究提供参考。     

夹芯复合材料基座结构设计与强度分析

提出了两型夹芯复合材料基座结构的设计方案,建立了夹芯复合材料基座数值分析模型,通过理论分析确定了影响基座结构刚度和强度性能的主要参数;应用有限元法,分析了铺层方式、支撑厚度和骨架形式等对直支撑基座结构刚度和强度性能的影响规律,计算并讨论了曲率半径对弧形支撑式基座刚度和强度性能的影响;比较了5种夹芯材料基座的结构力学性能,并通过优化设计,确定了夹芯复合材料基座结构形式。     

安静型夹芯复合材料舵设计及其力学性能分析

通过对夹芯复合材料各层材料的选择,以及夹芯复合材料舵壳的结构设计,提出了夹芯复合材料舵的设计方案和制作工艺。并利用有限元方法计算了复合材料舵壳在流体压力作用下的应力和变形,以及在瞬态载荷作用下舵壳的振动响应。计算结果表明,夹芯复合材料舵壳满足结构的强度和刚度的要求,同时振动水平与钢舵比较有很大的改善。     

夹芯复合材料T型接头侧弯损伤机理及强度特性分析

针对复合材料夹芯板材构件的侧弯承载和坚固连接要求,设计了弧形过渡区增强型T型胶接接头。建立了夹芯复合材料T型接头数值模型,模拟了其在侧弯载荷作用下的损伤产生、扩展及失效过程,并对夹芯复合材料T型接头试件进行了静态侧弯试验。结果表明:接头发生初始损伤的线载荷强度为44~47N/mm,损伤发生后接头的刚度值发生折减(降低约28%~32%),此时接头的承载能力仍在上升;试件界面完全剥离载荷强度较初始损伤线载荷强度略有增加(线载荷强度范围为54~62N/mm)。数值计算与试验结果吻合,表明弧形过渡区是夹芯复合材料T型接头最薄弱的部位,易发生破坏;初始损伤将首先出现在弧形过渡区复合材料表层,随着层间裂纹的扩展,过渡区复合材料与芯材的复合界面处出现剥离破坏并向自由端端部界面扩展,这是导致夹芯复合材料T型胶接接头失效的最主要原因。     

纤维缠绕复合材料夹芯圆柱体高应变率压缩吸能机理

为研究纤维缠绕复合材料夹芯圆柱体吸能元件在高应变率冲击压缩载荷作用下的变形损伤模式和能量吸收机理,采用ABAQUS商用有限元软件和分离式Hopkinson压杆装置开展数值模拟分析和试验验证研究。对比分析宏观力学响应规律和微观损伤破坏机理,可知吸能结构元件在高应变率压缩载荷下的力学响应具有典型的弹塑性特征,内部芯材主要产生压缩塑性损伤,而表层复合材料沿环向产生拉伸断裂破坏。研究表明,该吸能元件冲击压缩吸能特性优异,可满足水下结构平台的冲击防护和浮力储备要求。     

剪切变形对夹芯复合材料悬臂箱梁挠度的影响

为了分析剪切变形对夹芯复合材料悬臂箱梁挠度的影响,推导了夹芯复合材料薄壁箱梁的等效弯曲刚度和剪切刚度,将夹芯复合材料悬臂箱梁等效为具有等跨度等刚度的均质箱梁;利用初等梁理论得到了考虑剪切变形的夹芯复合材料悬臂箱梁的挠曲线方程;分析了剪切变形对夹芯复合材料薄壁箱梁挠度的影响,为复合材料薄壁箱梁的设计提供了理论参考.     

RTM工艺整体成型复合材料连接裙轴压性能

整体成型的固体火箭发动机复合材料连接裙有助于连接裙的减重及其使用性能的提高。本文采用RTM工艺制备出了全复合材料整体连接裙并对其进行了轴压承载性能考核。试验结果表明,RTM工艺整体成型的复合材料连接裙质量均匀,在设计载荷作用下,连接裙的轴向应变远小于0.5%的复合材料许用应变指标,连接裙的轴向表观结构刚度为40.9GPa。     

应用Isight的复合材料桁架结构优化设计

轻质复合材料及其结构以其优异的力学性能在航天航空飞行器上得到了广泛应用。考察玻璃纤维/环氧复合材料方形截面桁架在典型弯曲载荷工况条件下的非线性结构承载性能。采用Isight集成平台对桁架结构进行多参数优化设计,获得满足结构刚度和承载性能要求的最轻质桁架结构的几何参数,并分析最优化结构在载荷作用下的结构非线性响应行为。结果表明采用Isight平台对桁架结构进行多参数优化设计具有较高的效率和可信度。     

气囊辅助RTM制备复合材料承力筒内腔尺寸控制技术

根据气囊充压压力与复合材料承力筒内径之间的变化关系,给出了成型复合材料承力筒内表面的气囊尺寸计算方程。分析了气囊充压压力增大对承力筒的壁厚、纤维含量和弯曲性能的影响。采用气囊辅助RTM工艺整体制备出复合材料承力筒。试验结果表明,气囊充压压力使复合材料承力筒的壁厚减薄,纤维体积含量增加,弯曲性能提高;选择适当的气囊充压压力可以制备出满足设计要求的复合材料承力筒。     

Effect of nano powder (Al2O3-CaO) addition on the mechanical properties of the polymer blend matrix composite

This work describes the preparation and study of the properties of composite nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method which consists of two materials (Al₂O₃-CaO), and study the effect of these nanoparticles on the mechanical behavior of a polymer blend (EP 4% + 96% UPE). The powder was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), particle size analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The mechanical behavior of the composite material was assessed by tensile test, bending test and hardness test. The evaluation results of the composite nanoparticles showed good distribution of the chemical composition between aluminum oxide and calcium oxide, smoothness in particles' size at calcination in high and low temperatures, formation of different shapes of nanoparticles and different (kappa and gamma) phases of the Al₂O₃ particles. The results of mechanical behavior tests showed marked improvement in the mechanical properties of the resulted composite material, especially at 1.5%, compared with polymer blend material without nano powder addition. The tensile properties improved about (24 and 14.9) % and bending resistance about (23.5 and 16.8) % and hardness by (25 and 22) % when adding particles of size (63.8 and 68.6) respectively. Therefore, this reflects the efficiency of the proposed method to manufacture the nanocomposite powder and the possibility of using this powder as a strengthening material for the composite materials and using these composite materials in bio applications, especially in the fabrication of artificial limbs.     

含诱导缺陷复合材料T型接头的弯曲失效实验

通过实验研究含不同诱导缺陷的复合材料T型接头的弯曲力学性能和失效过程,采用引入脱黏缺陷和三角区填充率缺陷来诱导T型接头的不同失效模式。结果表明不同失效模式下T型接头所表现出来的弯曲力学性能差异极大,完好的T型接头所能承受的载荷为288.5N,界面脱黏会削弱其30%的承载能力,而三角区填充率的减少会导致裂纹在填充区内部引发和扩展,导致T型接头的弯曲力学性能大幅降低。     

弯曲载荷作用下复合材料T型接头的失效分析

运用蔡-吴逐步失效判据和黏聚接触模型建立弯曲加载下的T型接头的有限元模型。对复合材料T型接头在弯曲加载下的损伤机理和承载能力进行数值模拟。结合静态弯曲加载实验,揭示T型接头在弯曲破坏过程中的四种失效模式。T型接头的弯曲失效载荷的有限元模型计算结果与实测值吻合较好。     

球面全景空间缝合及漫游算法研究

提出了基于图像映射实现球面全景空间缝合及实时浏览的算法。首先,对两幅或多幅鱼眼图像使用扫描线逼近算法分别提取轮廓,再采用基于亮度差的图像缝合算法对其球面投影进行球面缝合,使用球面坐标定位校正算法校正图像并拼接成平面全景图,通过建立球面浏览视窗与平面全景图之间的像素映射关系,显示球面全景空间不同视角场景信息。实验结果表明,该算法较好地实现了鱼眼图像的无缝拼接以及球面全景连续360°的实时浏览。     

Synergistic effect of hybrid Himalayan Nettle/Bauhinia-vahlii fibers on physico-mechanical and sliding wear properties of epoxy composites

The cellulosic bast fibers are recognized as a justifiable and biodegradable substitute for producing moderate strength polymer composite materials because of their characteristics of renewability, eco-friendliness, and higher specific strength. Hence the aim of this research work is to fabricate Himalayan bast fibers (Nettle fiber (NF)/bauhinia vahlii fiber (BF)) based mono/hybrid epoxy composites at varying weight percentage of 2–6 wt% and evaluate the physical (void fraction and water absorption), mechanical (tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness) and sliding wear properties of as-fabricated composites. The 6 wt% NBF reinforced composites exhibited higher mechanical properties as compared to NF and BF composites with tensile strength of 34.04 MPa, flexural strength of 42.45 MPa, and hardness of 37.01 H_v respectively. The influence of various control factors (sliding velocity, NF/BF/NBF contents, normal load and sliding distance) on specific sliding wear rate of composites was evaluated by Taguchi (three factors at three levels) experimental design and the percentage contribution of these selected parameters on sliding wear performance was examined by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The sliding wear property of as-developed composites was found to be greatly influenced by sliding velocity and the wear resistance was observed to be improved with the NF/BF/NBF contents. The wear mechanism of the as-fabricated composites has been elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The research outcomes demonstrated that the hybridization of Bauhinia vahlii fiber with Nettle fiber led to improve the mechanical and wear properties of epoxy composites.     

Experimental and numerical study of the blast wave decrease using sandwich panel by granular materials core

Among the intrinsic properties of some materials, e.g., foams, porous materials, and granular materials, are their ability to mitigate shock waves. This paper investigated shock wave mitigation by a sandwich panel with a granular core. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were performed using Autodyn hydro-code software and a shock tube, respectively. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to model granular materials. Sawdust and pumice, whose properties were determined by several compression tests, were used as granular materials in the sandwich panel core. These granular materials possess many mechanisms, including compacting (e.g., sawdust) and crushing (e.g., pumice) that mitigate shock/blast wave. The results indicated the ineffectiveness of using a core with low thickness, yet it was demonstrated to be effective with high thickness. Low-thickness pumice yielded better results for wave mitigation. The use of these materials with a core with appropriate core reduces up to 88% of the shock wave. The results of the experiments and numerical simulations were compared, suggesting a good agreement between the two. This indicates the accuracy of simulation and the ability of the SPH method to modeling granular material under shock loading. The effects of grain size and the coefficient of friction between grains have also been investigated using simulation, implying that increasing the grain size and coefficient of friction between grains both reduce overpressure.     

轻质夹层复合吸声结构的制备工艺和水声性能

夹层复合吸声结构具有很强的可设计性,得到广泛的应用,但以往研究的此夹层结构的吸声芯材存在密度较大的问题。为此,设计了一种轻质夹层复合吸声结构,对该结构的制备工艺特别是芯材的制备工艺进行了设计,用玻璃钢作为表层材料、用柔性环氧树脂和聚氨酯改性环氧树脂的混合物为基体、空心玻璃微珠为填料、593和聚醚胺为固化剂所制备的多孔复合材料作为芯材来制备夹层复合吸声结构,制作了该结构的声学测试试件,在脉冲声管中测试了其水下声学性能。结果表明:所设计的夹层复合吸声结构具有较低的密度和良好的吸声性能,证明了该制备工艺设计的合理性。     

UHMWPE纤维混凝土基本力学性能研究

研究了一种由超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强的新型纤维混凝土基本力学性能。针对C70等级高强混凝土,设计了四种体积掺量纤维混凝土,通过立方体抗压、劈裂抗拉和四点弯曲抗折试验,分析了纤维掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维对混凝土的抗压强度增强作用不明显,但较大提高了混凝土的抗拉强度和抗折强度,且对混凝土有很好的阻裂、增韧效果。在纤维体积掺量为0.3%~0.5%时,劈裂抗拉强度提高25%以上;掺量0.5%时,弯曲抗折强度提高率超过23%。