Investigation of the mechanical and ballistic properties of hybrid carbon/ aramid woven laminates

High-performance ballistic fibers, such as aramid fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), are commonly used in anti-ballistic structures due to their low density, high tensile strength and high specific modulus. However, their low modulus in the thickness direction and insufficient shear strength limits their application in certain ballistic structure. In contrast, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites (CFRP) have the characteristics of high modulus in the thickness direction and high shear resistance. However, carbon fibers are rarely used and applied for protection purposes. A hybridization with aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites (AFRP) and CFRP has the potential to improve the stiffness and the ballistic property of the typical ballistic fiber composites. The hybrid effects on the flexural property and ballistic performance of the hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were investigated. Through conducting mechanical property tests and ballistic tests, two sets of reliable simulation parameters for AFRP and CFRP were established using LS-DYNA software, respectively. The experimental results suggested that by increasing the content of CFRP that the flexural properties of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were enhanced. The ballistic tests’ results and the simulation illustrated that the specific energy absorption by the perforation method of CFRP achieved 77.7% of AFRP. When CFRP was on the striking face, the shear resistance of the laminates and the resistance force to the projectiles was promoted at the initial penetration stage. The proportion of fiber tensile failures in the AFRP layers was also enhanced with the addition of CFRP during the penetration process. These improvements resulted in the ballistic performance of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates was better than AFRP when the CFRP content was 20 wt% and 30 wt%.     

T300和JC2#纤维增强C/SiC复合材料力学性能对比

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,采用聚合物浸渍裂解法(PIP)分别制备得到T300碳纤维和JC2#碳纤维增强C/SiC复合材料。JC2#C/SiC复合材料具有优异的力学性能,抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到662MPa和19.5MPa.m1/2;T300 C/SiC复合材料表现出低强度、高脆性,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性不足前者的四分之一。T300 C/SiC复合材料低性能的根本原因在于T300纤维在PCS裂解过程中性能严重下降,复合材料中纤维与基体间存在强界面结合是另一个影响因素。     

Multifunctional A356 alloy/ PKSAnp composites: Microstructure and mechanical properties

Mechanical properties and microstructure of multifunctional composites produced with palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle (PKSAnp)-A356 alloy composites was studied. The composites were produced using Double layer feeding stir casting method (DLF-SCM) by adding 1 wt%‒4 wt.% PKSAnp. The microstructure, density, electrical and mechanical properties were determined. The results shows that there was a uniform distribution of the PKSAnp in A356 alloy. The mismatch at the interface between the PKSAnp and A356 alloy was 4.26%. Improvement of 30.47%, 41.91%, 49.52%, 40.90% and 65.09% were obtained for hardness values, tensile, yield strength, %elongation and impact energy at 4 wt% PKASnp. The work has established that the developed composites can be used for multifunctional applications where combination of toughness and strength is vital.     

添加SiC微粉对硅树脂先驱体转化3D Cf/Si-O-C材料性能的影响

以三维碳纤维织物和廉价的硅树脂为原料,采用先驱体转化工艺制备3D G/Si-O-C材料,考察了浸渍液中添加SiC填料对材料微观结构、力学性能和抗氧化性能影响.结果表明:添加适量的SiC填料有助于减少基体孔隙,改善界面结合,从而提高材料的力学性能;而SiC含量过高时,容易在材料内部形成闭孔,从而导致材料力学性能下降.当SiC微粉含量为18.2%时,材料具有最好的力学性能,弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别为421.3MPa和13.0 MPa·m1/2;而材料的抗氧化性能随着SiC微粉含量的增加而增加,当SiC微粉含量为25.0%时,材料的弯曲强度保留率最高,达到了89.5%.     

一种低黏度环氧树脂的制备及性能研究

采用一种新型增韧剂CC对环氧树脂进行增韧改性,获得一种低黏度中温固化环氧树脂体系。测试了树脂的力学性能,并通过红外光谱和动态热机械能分析等方法,对树脂的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明：当CC的质量分数为19%时,环氧树脂的剪切强度和拉伸强度最大,分别为25.1 MPa和55.88 MPa;该环氧树脂具有较低的黏度;固化过程中各组分反应完全,树脂刚度较大,玻璃温度Tg达110.36℃。     

SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料的抗氧化、抗热震性能研究

通过研究材料的氧化前后质量的改变和强度减少及氧化前后微观结构的变化,研究了先驱体转化法制备的SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料的抗氧化、抗热震性能。结果表明SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料具有良好的抗氧化、抗热震性能。对所得材料微观结构进行了分析讨论,发现界面结构的变化是影响SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料抗氧化、抗热震性能的主要原因。     

极性基团对环氧树脂基体力学性能及吸水特性的影响

研究了CYD- 128/THPA/DMP- 30 (CTD)、TDE- 85/THPA/DMP- 30(TTD)、CYD- 128/IPDA(CI)与TDE- 85/IPDA (TI)4种环氧树脂基体浇铸体的拉伸、弯曲和耐海水性能,分析了树脂、固化剂类型和分子结构对树脂基体性能的影响.结果表明,使用相同固化剂时,TDE...     

用溶胶-凝胶法制备碳纤维三维编织物增强氧化铝基复合材料的研究

本文研究了溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ）法制备碳纤维三维编织物增强氧化铝（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）基复合材料的成型工艺及其力学性能，研究了两种主要起始物Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３、ＡｌＣｌ３配制的氧化铝溶胶对复合材料成型工艺和力学性能的影响。分别以Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３和ＡｌＣｌ３为起始物，制备得到Ⅰ＃、Ｉ＃复合材料。研究表明，以Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３为起始物配制的溶胶粘度较小，利于材料的致密化。经过溶胶浸渍、凝胶、裂解１３个周期后，Ⅰ＃材料的密度和室温三点弯曲强度分别为１．８６ｇ／ｃｍ３和１４５．２ＭＰａ，而ＩＩ＃材料的密度和室温三点弯曲强度分别为１．６３ｇ／ｃｍ３和１０４．１ＭＰａ，材料均呈典型的韧性断裂模式。用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察试样的断口形貌，发现断口表面有大量的纤维拔出，纤维表现了较好的增韧效果。     

纳米SiC晶须增强铜基纳米复合材料摩擦学性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了添加纳米SiC晶须（n-SiCw）的铜基纳米复合材料（SiCw／Cu）。研究了复合材料的显微组织、密度、硬度与n-SiCw含量之间的关系，通过球／盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了SiCw／Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：随n-SiCw含量增加，基体中孔隙增多，并出现n-SiCw的偏聚，复合材料的密度减小，硬度增加；当n-SiCw含量为0．3wt％时，材料的减摩、耐磨性能最好；SiCw／Cu复合材料的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损，并以疲劳磨损为主。     

聚碳硅烷／二乙烯基苯快速升温裂解制备Cf/SiC复合材料

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)/二乙烯基苯(DVB)为先驱体,采用快速升温裂解制备了3D-B Cf/SiC复合材料.结果证明:裂解升温速率的提高可以大大缩短制备周期,同时可以提高材料密度和形成较好的界面结合,从而提高材料的力学性能.制备得到的Cf/SiC材料室温弯曲强度达到556.7MPa.     

活性粉末混凝土200（RPC200）的配制试验研究

进行了活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的配制试验,通过5批试件分别探讨砂灰比、石英粉、硅灰、水胶比和钢纤维等因素单值变化时对RPC流动度以及抗折强度、抗压强度的影响.研究表明:在常规制作工艺条件下,配制出抗压强度和抗折强度分别为145.6 MPa和26.68MPa的无纤维RPC;当钢纤维含量为6%时,RPC的抗压强度和抗折强度分别达到了201.3MPa和73.67 MPa.     

Effect of organo-modified montmorillonite nanoclay on mechanical,thermal and ablation behavior of carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites

The mechanical, thermal and ablation properties of carbon phenolic (C-Ph) composites (Type-I) rein-forced with different weight percentages of organo-modified montmorillonite (o-MMT) nanoclay have been studied experimentally. Ball milling was used to disperse different weight (wt) percentages (0, 1,2,4,6 wt.％) of nanoclay into phenolic resin. Viscosity changes to resin due to nanoclay was studied. On the other hand, nanoclay added phenolic matrix composites (Type-II) were prepared to study the dispersion of nanoclay in phenolic matrix by small angle X-ray scattering and thermal stability changes to the matrix by thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). This data was used to understand the mechanical, thermal and ablation properties of Type-I composites. Inter laminar shear strength (ILSS), flexural strength and flexural modulus of Type I composites increased by about 29％, 12％and 7％respectively at 2 wt.％ addition of nanoclay beyond which these properties decreased. This was attributed to reduced fiber volume fraction (％Vf) of Type-I composites due to nanoclay addition at such high loadings. Mass ablation rate of Type-I composites was evaluated using oxy acetylene torch test at low heat flux (125 W/cm2) and high heat flux levels (500 W/cm2). Mass ablation rates have increased at both flux levels marginally up to 2 wt.％ addition of nanoclay beyond which it has increased significantly. This is in contrast to increased thermal stability observed for Type-I and Type-Ⅱ composites up to 2 wt.％addition of nanoclay. Increased ablation rates due to nanoclay addition was attributed to higher insulation effi-ciency of nanolcay, which accumulates more heat energy in limited area behind the ablation front and self-propagating ablation mechanisms triggered by thermal decomposition of organic part of nanoclay.     

纤维增强SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备及其性能

将无机陶瓷纤维与SiO2溶胶混合,经超临界干燥制备了SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料。SiO2气凝胶纤细的骨架颗粒减少了固态热传导,纳米级孔减少了气体热传导和对流传热,同时无机陶瓷纤维减少了辐射传热。SiO2气凝胶复合材料具有良好的隔热性能,其200℃和800℃的热导率分别为0.017W/m.K和0.042W/m.K。纤维的加入提供了力学支撑,高温处理增强了气凝胶骨架强度,材料在常温和高温下均具有良好的力学性能,其常温的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.44MPa、1.31MPa和0.98MPa(10%应变),800℃的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.95MPa、1.80MPa和1.42MPa(10%应变)。     

列车用复合材料阻燃性能研究

不同类别的阻燃剂配合使用能产生协效作用,大大提高阻燃效果。在甲基丙烯酸类不饱和聚酯树脂9001基体中,添加微囊化红磷/氢氧化铝/三氧化二锑/甲基膦酸二甲酯(MRP/Al(OH)3/Sb2O3/DMMP)阻燃剂体系,对其树脂体系固化物及玻璃纤维织物复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能进行了实验研究,提出了一种有望用于列车复合材料大尺寸构件制造的性能优异、价格低廉的新体系。结果表明,当质量添加比例分别为12%MRP、50%Al(OH)3、2%Sb2O3时,树脂体系室温粘度100mPa.s左右,凝胶时间超过80min,适用于RTM和VIMP等大尺寸构件成型工艺;复合材料拉伸强度215.4MPa,弯曲强度177.15MPa,拉伸模量13.85GPa,弯曲模量13.36GPa,氧指数39.7。     

双酚A环氧树脂改性二氧化双环戊二烯体系固化动力学分析及其性能研究

二氧化双环戊二烯(CDR -0122)环氧树脂固化物的耐热性较好,但脆性大.采用不同质量分数的环氧(E -51)改性CDR -0122.对不同的改性体系进行DSC分析,确定其活化能、反应级数和最佳固化工艺.对改性的CDR - 0122环氧树脂固化物进行力学性能和耐温性能测试.结果表明:当加入E-51的质量分数为30％时,CDR -0122的树脂体系的综合性能最优.相比改性前,改性后的树脂体系活化能略有下降,并且其拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了52.38％和54.77％,但玻璃化转变温度略有下降.     

惰性填料对SiCf/Si-O-C陶瓷材料的性能影响

以聚硅氧烷为先驱体,采用先驱体转化法制备了SiCf/S i-O-C陶瓷复合材料.研究了惰性填料(SiC、SiO2及SiO2空心微珠)对材料的力学性能及热性能的影响.微观结构的分析表明,填料引起的界面结构与密度的变化是影响SiCf /Si-O-C复合材料性能的主要原因.     

环氧树脂/CTBN/无机颗粒高分子合金修补剂材料的制备与性能分析

通过端羧基丁腈液态橡胶(Carboxyl Terminated Butadiene Acrylonitrile,CTBN)协同纳米Al2O3、SiO2颗粒与微米MoS2颗粒共混改性环氧树脂,制备了双组分的耐磨高分子合金修补剂材料。采用拉伸、摩擦磨损等试验及SEM等方法测试和分析了该高分子合金修补剂的拉伸强度、显微硬度等基本性能及摩擦学性能,并对其耐磨减摩机理进行了分析。结果表明:该材料的拉伸强度为42.3MPa,拉伸剪切强度为13.8MPa,显微硬度为231.1MPa,摩擦因数为0.17,耐磨性比LY12铝合金提高了50%。     

树脂浸渍裂解对气相硅反应渗透C/SiC的影响

粘胶基碳纤维毡经过CVD工艺进行沉积碳增密处理后,采用酚醛树脂浸渍—裂解对C/C素坯的密度进行调节,通过气相硅渗透反应工艺制备了C/SiC复合材料。研究了树脂浸渍—裂解对C/C素坯密度和气孔率的影响规律,分析了树脂裂解碳对C/SiC显微形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着树脂浸渍—裂解循环次数的增加,素坯密度增加,孔隙率降低;裂解碳含量为27wt%时,C/SiC复合材料的强度和模量达到最大,分别为231MPa和209GPa。通过控制裂解碳含量,可以实现对C/SiC复合材料力学性能和微观结构的裁剪。     

UHMWPE纤维混凝土基本力学性能研究

研究了一种由超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强的新型纤维混凝土基本力学性能。针对C70等级高强混凝土,设计了四种体积掺量纤维混凝土,通过立方体抗压、劈裂抗拉和四点弯曲抗折试验,分析了纤维掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维对混凝土的抗压强度增强作用不明显,但较大提高了混凝土的抗拉强度和抗折强度,且对混凝土有很好的阻裂、增韧效果。在纤维体积掺量为0.3%~0.5%时,劈裂抗拉强度提高25%以上;掺量0.5%时,弯曲抗折强度提高率超过23%。     

镍对重力分离SHS陶瓷内衬复合管的影响

采用SHS重力分离技术制备陶瓷内衬复合管,通过改变主燃烧配系组元Ni的含量,研究分析了金属Ni对陶瓷内衬复合管制备的燃烧特性及机械性能的影响。研究发现,适量的Ni粉能促进SHS燃烧进行,提高燃烧体系的绝热燃烧温度和陶瓷层的致密度,并且有助于形成金属/陶瓷界面过渡层,这极大提高了复合管的显微硬度和抗压剪强度。当Ni粉含量为19wt％时,陶瓷层的显微硬度和抗压剪强度分别最高达1764N/mm2和36.1MPa。