卫星导航系统的体系安全性分析方法

为了应对卫星导航系统内部复杂关系等体系特征为其安全分析带来的挑战、全面识别和分析卫星导航系统面临的体系安全威胁、提高系统的安全性和服务能力,基于功能依赖网络分析理论提出了从体系角度研究卫星导航系统安全性的建模方法,重点对导航系统内组件系统之间交互关系导致的危险传播、任意失效组合进行了后果分析和原因调查。仿真结果表明该方法能清晰地描述危险传播和失效组合的过程以及进行正逆向的推理分析,也证明了该方法在卫星导航系统安全分析问题上的潜力和适用性。     

事件

中国北斗卫星导航系统基本建成 中国北斗卫星导航系统自2011年12月27日起向中国及周边地区提供连续无源定位、导航、授时等试运行服务。目前,北斗卫星导航系统已经发射了10颗卫星,建成了基本系统。据介绍,北斗卫星导航系统正按照“三步走”的发展战略稳步推进。第一步,2000年建成北斗卫星导航试验系统,使中国成为世界上第3个拥有自主卫星导航系统的国家。第二步,建设北斗卫星导航系统,2012年左右形成覆盖亚太大部分地区的服务能力。第三步,2020年左右,北斗卫星导航系统将形成全球覆盖能力。     

卫星导航系统定位精度估计

系统精度估计是卫星导航系统总体设计的重要环节,是进行大系统指标分配的重要依据.因此.在进行卫星导航系统总体设计时,必须对所有误差源的特性及其对系统精度的影响情况进行仔细的仿真计算分析.采用对定位测量方程进行全微分的方法,导出了卫星导航系统定位精度的协方差估计公式,给出了用于指导工程实际对关键误差源进行严格控制的一整套理论和方法.     

全球卫星导航系统发展现状与特点分析

正2020年6月23日,北斗三号最后一颗全球组网卫星发射任务取得圆满成功,标志着北斗三号全球星座部署全面完成,北斗卫星导航系统正式拥有全天时、全天候、全球覆盖的服务能力。北斗卫星导航系统成为继美国全球定位系统、俄罗斯格洛纳斯卫星导航系统之后世界第三个全球定位导航系统,得到了全球的广泛关注。为此,本文将系统梳理全球卫星导航系统的发展现状,分析北斗卫星导航系统相比其他卫星导     

基于低轨道卫星中继的无人机数据链路方案

基于低轨道卫星通信技术,针对高空长航时无人机系统,建立以卫星中继的通信数据链模型.从传统数据链入手,分析其存在的弊端和使用的局限性,并融合现代通信技术,在引用新型编码技术的基础上,给出了新的无人机通信数据链路方案.该设计方案以无人机作战使用实际为基础,极大地提高信息传输能力和信息安全性.     

一种改进的卫星导航系统效能评估模型

建立卫星导航系统效能评估指标体系,在原有模糊综合评判法的基础上,引入定量指标的实际测量值,采用将评语集量化的方法,建立效能评估模型,并用实例验证该模型的可行性,给出系统综合效能评估值,避免了原有方法存在的问题,为卫星导航系统的效能评估和研制开发提供了一定的参考.     

关于构建空地一体战场区域导航系统

受美军开展战场区域导航系统研究的启发,思考分析了我国北斗卫星导航系统面临的军事威胁和固有脆弱性,建议有必要基于伪卫星技术构建空地一体战场区域导航系统,以此作为北斗卫星导航系统在区域范围内的备份系统,并基于有人机控制无人机协同作战的理念阐述了系统的组成构想和行动构想,分析了系统的相关关键技术。     

北斗卫星导航系统全球定位性能分析

采用位置精度衰减因子PDOP,对目前能够提供全球定位服务的卫星导航系统的性能展开系统性的对比分析,重点对比了不同卫星高度截止角、经纬度下的定位性能,分析了各卫星导航系统在多系统定位中的贡献。实验结果表明,目前BDS系统的PDOP平均值在全球的分布范围为1.2～5.7,已经具备全球定位服务能力,且是亚太地区定位性能最优的卫星导航系统,建成后将成为全球定位性能最优的卫星导航系统之一。     

GNSS系统的现状与发展

介绍了当前GNSS系统(GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO)的现状和发展方向,并分析了国内北斗卫星导航系统(BD-I/BD-Ⅱ)的组成应用和发展方向.对这4种卫星导航系统的异同进行了综合对比说明,并对GNSS系统的发展前景进行了分析和预测.     

GLONASS——GPS的伙伴

GPS 和 GLONASS 卫星导航系统是由美国和前苏联各自研制出来的全球卫星导航系统。于1995/1996年正式投入运行。它们将取代各自早期的卫星导航系统(子午仪系统和甚高频卫星导航系统)。早期的系统使用相似的卫星轨道,非常接近于极轨道,其高度约为1100千米,属低轨道卫星。卫星传送信息的频率是150和     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.