超声导波在管道中传播的可视化模拟研究

利用有限元方法建立管道导波3-D模型,通过在管道中激励纵向超声波,模拟导波在管道中的传播形态。根据回波信号的传播时间计算了纵波传播速度,与频散曲线得到的纵波速度符合较好。从观测点取得的波信号能够反映超声波在管道中传播时存在的反射和衰减现象,动画结果能够形象直观地反映导波在管道中传播的情形,实现了导波传播的可视化模拟。该研究有利于更好地解释导波在管道无损检测中出现的频散特征。     

多弯头管道磁致伸缩导波无损检测技术

为了研究超声导波在弯管中的传播特性及检测可行性,使用磁致伸缩导波仪器及传感器对多弯头管道进行了检测实验,并对弯管中导波的传播速度、模态转换、能量衰减等现象进行了探讨。结果表明:当弯管弯曲程度较小时,弯管中导波传播速度与直管中近似;弯管中导波存在明显的模态转换现象;弯管中导波能量随着时间近似呈指数形式衰减,且衰减规律与激励频率存在密切联系。该研究结果可以为复杂结构弯曲管道的导波检测提供参考。     

管道弯头对F(1,1)模态导波传播特性影响研究

为研究管道弯头对非轴对称弯曲波传播特性的影响,采用数值模拟方法研究了不同方向F(1,1)模态导波在弯头处的模态转换和散射特性。研究结果表明:不同方向的F(1,1)模态导波会产生不同的模态转换,其与弯头拱背-拱腹的夹角越大,模态转换程度越大,而夹角为0°时无模态转换产生;弯头会改变F(1,1)模态导波的方向并对散射F(1,1)模态导波幅值产生影响;不同于轴对称导波,影响弯曲波在弯头处反射和透射系数的因素除了弯曲半径和频率外,还有弯曲波激励角度。     

磁致伸缩扭转导波小管径弯管检测

针对扭转导波对小管径弯管的检测问题,分别采用数值模拟和实验方法进行研究。使用ANSYS软件模拟扭转导波在弯管中的传播;设计一种针对小管径管道的磁致伸缩扭转导波检测传感器,并对弯管进行检测,建立该传感器的导波激发和接收模型,利用理论模型对实验信号进行解读。研究结果表明:T(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处发生模态转换,部分T(0,1)模态转换成F(1,1)模态,F(1,1)模态具有方向性,垂直于弯头拱背-拱腹方向;模态转换会造成检测信号的双端面反射现象,第二个端面回波与第一个端面回波幅值比随频率的增大呈减小趋势;传感器激发出的纵向磁致伸缩力会导致实验信号中出现少量纵向模态导波。研究结论为磁致伸缩扭转导波对小管径弯管的检测提供理论指导。     

L(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处的散射特性

采用实验和有限元模拟的方法研究了L(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处的模态转换和反射、透射特性,分别使用不同频率的激励信号对含不同弯曲半径弯头的管道进行检测。研究结果表明:L(0,1)模态导波在管道弯头处发生模态转换,转换成F(1,1)模态,并且其偏振方向与弯头拱背—拱腹方向一致;随着检测频率和弯曲半径的增大,反射F(1,1)模态呈减小趋势,透射F(1,1)模态呈非单调变化趋势;反射L(0,1)模态导波呈减小趋势,透射L(0,1)模态导波呈增大趋势;当检测频率或弯曲半径增大到一定程度时,两参数的变化对反射F(1,1)模态、反射L(0,1)模态和透射L(0,1)模态的影响不大。实验结果与模拟结果吻合度高,验证了模拟结果的正确性。研究结论为检测小管径含弯头管道提供了理论指导。     

钢筋混凝土柱壳结构振动模态试验研究

本文根据频响分析原理,用实验模态分析方法,对钢筋混凝土柱壳结构进行莫大记测试与分析,得出该结构各阶振动频率,振型及阻尼,同时,用动力有限元法对该结构模态进行了数值计算,两种方法得到的频率与振型具有较好的一致性。     

超声Lamb波检测三维平板孔状缺陷的有限元模拟

通过数值计算求解Lamb波的频散特性方程,绘制钢板中Lamb波的频散特性曲线,分析不同模态Lamb波在钢板内的传播特性。基于ANSYS瞬态动力学分析方法,建立S0模态超声Lamb波检测钢板内孔状缺陷的有限元分析模型,通过群速度计算校核分析S0模态和SH0模态水平剪切波,得出其传播过程中振幅呈指数变化趋势。在孔状缺陷周围建立环形信号接收点,得到Lamb波作用缺陷后的散射特性和模态转化规律,散射波能量关于X轴对称分布,且随缺陷尺寸增加有增大趋势,透射波能量随缺陷尺寸增加而减小。     

大容量中频变压器箔式线圈振动模态的影响因素分析

为了分析箔式线圈振动模态的影响因素,首先在ANSYS环境下建立了箔式线圈的等效三维有限元模型,仿真计算了其前10阶模态振型和固有频率;然后,采用单输入单输出方法对自由状态下的箔式线圈进行了模态试验,验证了仿真模型的准确性,并在此基础上分析了绝缘层弹性模量和层间分离对振动模态的影响。结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好;绝缘层弹性模量增大,箔式线圈固有频率呈线性升高;箔式线圈的层间分离会造成固有频率下降,并出现局部振型;圆角位置的分离对模态影响最显著。     

基于有限元的坦克变速箱体模态分析

建立了坦克变速箱体详细的有限元模型,采用Lanczos算法对箱体结构进行了模态分析,计算出了箱体结构的前16阶非刚体模态的固有频率及相应振型.分析结果显示了箱体各部分结构振动的强弱分布以及抗振薄弱区,为下一步的动态响应及动态修正提供了必要的依据.该分析结果也为变速箱故障诊断提供了参考依据.     

泵转子流固弱耦合计算与分析

为了探索流固弱耦合计算在推进泵上应用的可行性和有效性,完成了某转子静强度、动强度和振动模态计算与分析。首先,完成泵稳态和瞬态流场CFD计算,提取水动力载荷数据;然后,采用流固弱耦合方法对结构完成稳态和瞬态计算,提取静应力和动应力以及最大变形,校核静强度和动强度;最后,完成流固耦合条件下转子模态分析,得到模态频率和特征振型。结果表明：转子叶片最大应力位于叶根处、最大位移位于叶梢截面近随边处;转子叶片应力满足材料的强度要求,变形量小于叶顶间隙值;湿模态振型与干模态基本一致,但振型幅值明显降低、模态频率降低。该流固弱耦合计算方法能够用于泵转子结构设计与振动谐响应分析,有助于提升设计质量。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.