磁致伸缩扭转导波小管径弯管检测

针对扭转导波对小管径弯管的检测问题,分别采用数值模拟和实验方法进行研究。使用ANSYS软件模拟扭转导波在弯管中的传播;设计一种针对小管径管道的磁致伸缩扭转导波检测传感器,并对弯管进行检测,建立该传感器的导波激发和接收模型,利用理论模型对实验信号进行解读。研究结果表明:T(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处发生模态转换,部分T(0,1)模态转换成F(1,1)模态,F(1,1)模态具有方向性,垂直于弯头拱背-拱腹方向;模态转换会造成检测信号的双端面反射现象,第二个端面回波与第一个端面回波幅值比随频率的增大呈减小趋势;传感器激发出的纵向磁致伸缩力会导致实验信号中出现少量纵向模态导波。研究结论为磁致伸缩扭转导波对小管径弯管的检测提供理论指导。     

基于模态分析方法的管道导波频散曲线计算

推导了管道中导波传播的有限元方程,使用 ANSYS 有限元软件建立了管道模型;对导波进行模态分析,得到了管道模型的一系列特征频率与振型,通过对管道振型的模态识别,提取了管道中各模态导波的模态特征,计算得到了管道中导波的频散曲线,该曲线与解析法所得到的频散曲线相吻合。该方法可以应用于周期性重复组合的任何结构（如横截面固定的杆、板、管）中导波的频散曲线计算。     

管道弯头对F(1,1)模态导波传播特性影响研究

为研究管道弯头对非轴对称弯曲波传播特性的影响,采用数值模拟方法研究了不同方向F(1,1)模态导波在弯头处的模态转换和散射特性。研究结果表明:不同方向的F(1,1)模态导波会产生不同的模态转换,其与弯头拱背-拱腹的夹角越大,模态转换程度越大,而夹角为0°时无模态转换产生;弯头会改变F(1,1)模态导波的方向并对散射F(1,1)模态导波幅值产生影响;不同于轴对称导波,影响弯曲波在弯头处反射和透射系数的因素除了弯曲半径和频率外,还有弯曲波激励角度。     

管道超声导波无损检测技术应用研究

利用研制的磁致伸缩超声导波无损检测装置对长直无缝钢管、舰用锅炉U型管和弯管进行了大量试验研究.研究发现,通过对该装置中磁致伸缩传感器的放置位置及方向进行适当调整,此装置即可在管道中激发纵向导波;该技术对管道壁厚减薄、磨损或腐蚀、裂纹、焊缝等缺陷同样具有检测能力;选择低频(20~40 kHz)激励脉冲信号有利于减少波的发散特性和提高缺陷的检测能力;导波在管道中传播衰减缓慢,适用于长距离、大范围、快速、非接触管道检测.     

L(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处的散射特性

采用实验和有限元模拟的方法研究了L(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处的模态转换和反射、透射特性,分别使用不同频率的激励信号对含不同弯曲半径弯头的管道进行检测。研究结果表明:L(0,1)模态导波在管道弯头处发生模态转换,转换成F(1,1)模态,并且其偏振方向与弯头拱背—拱腹方向一致;随着检测频率和弯曲半径的增大,反射F(1,1)模态呈减小趋势,透射F(1,1)模态呈非单调变化趋势;反射L(0,1)模态导波呈减小趋势,透射L(0,1)模态导波呈增大趋势;当检测频率或弯曲半径增大到一定程度时,两参数的变化对反射F(1,1)模态、反射L(0,1)模态和透射L(0,1)模态的影响不大。实验结果与模拟结果吻合度高,验证了模拟结果的正确性。研究结论为检测小管径含弯头管道提供了理论指导。     

超声导波在管道中传播的可视化模拟研究

利用有限元方法建立管道导波3-D模型,通过在管道中激励纵向超声波,模拟导波在管道中的传播形态。根据回波信号的传播时间计算了纵波传播速度,与频散曲线得到的纵波速度符合较好。从观测点取得的波信号能够反映超声波在管道中传播时存在的反射和衰减现象,动画结果能够形象直观地反映导波在管道中传播的情形,实现了导波传播的可视化模拟。该研究有利于更好地解释导波在管道无损检测中出现的频散特征。     

管道中磁致伸缩导波传播方向控制理论与试验

提出了控制磁致伸缩超声导波单方向传播的通用数学公式,总结出实现导波单方向传播控制应同时满足的三个条件:双通道激励源的信号幅值相等,两传感器间距为激励频率下导波波长1/4的奇数倍,双通道相位差为π/2的奇数倍.为了验证此结论的正确性,利用磁致伸缩导波无损检测装置对管道中导波传播方向控制进行了试验.研究结果表明:试验结果与理论计算方法结论相吻合,可为磁致伸缩导波无损检测传感器的设计提供理论依据,为导波检测信号的识别提供帮助.     

周向局部加载型磁致伸缩传感器导波特性

针对应用于管道检测的磁致伸缩导波不能提供周向特征的缺点,首先分析了导波产生的机理;然后,基于简正模态展开法建立了周向局部加载型磁致伸缩传感器导波模型,得到了导波能量的周向特征分布特征;最后,用8通道传感器进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:91kHz时传感器激发出L(0,2)+F(1,3)的组合模态,在不同传播距离处,其圆周方向上的导波幅值与理论分布较为吻合。该研究结果可为管道缺陷的周向定位提供理论依据。     

分离谱处理方法在L(0,2)模式超声导波管道检测中的应用

超声导波无损检测技术在管道检测过程中,由于超声导波存在频散和多模式特征,其遇到管道边界和不规则缺陷通常会发生模式转换,导致检测信号分辨率降低。为了将L(0,2)模式导波与其他模式导波分离,提升检测信号分辨率,提出使用分离谱处理方法处理L(0,2)模式超声导波检测信号。在分析该方法工作原理的基础上,优化了其滤波器参数,处理管道不同周向缺陷的检测信号,以信噪比和缺陷杂波比为标准,选择了具有最佳分离效果的SSP信号重组方法。研究结果表明：SSP可以将L(0,2)模式导波与其他模式导波分离,并只保留L(0,2)模式导波;与处理前信号相比,分离谱处理方法信号的分辨率得到了提升,信噪比和缺陷杂波比分别提高了约1.08倍和4.39倍。     

管道导波无损检测回波信号处理方法研究

简述了导波在管道中传播的频散特性,给出了管道导波无损检测实验信号特征.对管道导波检测的回波信号首先进行Hilbert变换,然后对变换后的信号分别进行加窗函数滤波和小波变换,处理后的缺陷信号明显易于辨别.经过分析比较,结果表明了这两种组合方法用于管道导波无损检测信号处理的效果基本一样,在实际检测应用中,选取其中任一组合方法都是可行的.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.