红外型空空导弹导引头特点及实现方式分析

<正>引言随着科学技术的发展,战争攻防对抗日益激烈,战争环境日趋复杂,要求红外型空空导弹能在复杂的环境和强干扰条件下准确地探测、识别、跟踪目标。为此,目前,空空导弹将采用红外导引头技术,它主要有许多独特的技术要求及特点。1.红外型空空导弹导引头技术要求及特点分析1.1具备更高的空间分辨力与探测性能红外导引头技术从单元、多元发展到成像,导弹的空间分辨率和抗干扰能力不断提高。红外成像制导系统摆脱了把跟踪目标作为一个点热源因而只     

潜射防空导弹红外导引头技术研究

国外潜射防空导弹普遍采用从空空导弹移植的方式进行改进和研制.概括了潜空导弹的作战环境,提出了对红外导引头的研制要求,论述了潜空导弹导引头的相关研究内容,并对关键技术及其实现途径进行了简要分析,为潜艇加装有效的防空导弹武器系统提供了有益的参考.     

目标图像运动特征分析

在红外成像导弹导引头的信息处理中,目标图像特征研究是导引头技术研究中的一个重要问题。对各种潜在目标成像特征的详细研究是红外成像导引头信息处理研究的基础。在此项工作完成的基础上,可以实现对导引头目标识别和跟踪算法的评价,同时也可以辅助图像处理算法的选择和优化。在分析红外成像制导空空导弹工作原理的基础上,建立了导弹、目标的仿真模型,对常见的目标图像运动特征进行了仿真分析。给出了在空战条件下目标图像运动特征的部分仿真结果。     

空地ARM红外辐射特性研究

深入研究反辐射导弹的红外辐射特征,并建立其红外辐射简化模型.以导弹蒙皮、发动机尾喷管及尾喷焰作为导弹的主要红外辐射源,计算某型反辐射导弹在3μm～5μm和8 μm～12μm波段在不同方向上的红外辐射强度,并针对计算结果进行了分析,可为红外告警系统探测反辐射导弹提供一定理论依据.     

空空导弹导引头角预定精度研究

空空导弹导引头角预定是重要的导弹发射控制参数,其有效的计算精度分析,是导弹可靠截获和跟踪目标的重要保证。基于前置追踪攻击原理,给出了空空导弹导引头角预定的计算模型,建立了机载雷达误差对导引头角预定精度影响的误差分析仿真结构,并对仿真计算结果进行了讨论。     

红外成像导引头的发展与展望

本文扼要介绍了红外成像导引头的发展过程。其中包括七十年代中期开始的主要针对坦克、飞机的红外成像导引头的发展;从第一代采用光机扫描型红外传感器的导引头到第二代采用电子扫描的焦平面红外传感器的导引头。本文还介绍了八十年代初开始的针对地－地导弹的红外成像导引头的发展;介绍了它的第一代、第二代红外成像导引头的基本技术状态和未来的发展方向。     

红外成像导引头抗干扰性能评估方法

给出了一种对地面复杂干扰环境的红外成像导引头抗干扰性能评估方法,分析了红外成像导引头所面临的干扰因素,结合实际战场情况对干扰环境的等级进行了划分,并详细设计了红外成像导引头抗干扰性能仿真测试方案。采用半实物仿真方法得到红外成像导引头在不同干扰环境下的实验数据,运用bayes估计的方法建立红外成像导引头抗干扰概率计算模型。结合某实物红外成像导引头开展抗干扰性能半实物仿真测试,实验结果验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

激光武器对红外导引头的软破坏研究

针对舰载激光武器破坏反舰导弹的问题,研究了激光对红外制导反舰导弹导引头的软破坏。以激光辐照红外探测器为例,建立了舰载激光武器对红外制导反舰导弹探测器的破坏模型,计算了1.06μm激光海上大气传输的大气透过率,进行了0.632μm激光辐照CCD成像系统的实验,估算了对远距离红外制导反舰导弹探测器实现有效破坏所需发射的激光能量,得出了一些有价值的数据和结论。     

俄罗斯导弹雷达导引头的现状与发展

20世纪50年代末,前苏联开始研制空空导弹、地空导弹的雷达导引头。1958年,第15独立特种设计局(前苏联航空工业部莫斯科第17科学研究所的分支机构)的专家们开始为“立方”防空导弹系统研制雷达导引头(此种雷达导引头1966年开始装备服役)。之后,第15独立特种设计局的雷达导引头研制小     

舰空导弹复合导引头误差分析研究

针对舰空导弹采用旋转式微波相位干涉仪与红外成像导引头复合导引的特点,介绍了旋转式相位干涉仪引导红外成像导引头截获目标的原理;对复合导引头的各主要误差源进行了分类与计算;分析求解出引导总误差;最后通过仿真和实例讨论了各误差源对交班的影响.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.