防空火力单元射击有利度计算方法

根据防空作战的实际,分析了传统算法在计算防空火力单元射击有利度过程中存在的局限性,引入了防空火力单元可射击系数、电磁环境修正系数这两个参数,并结合高炮、地空导弹武器系统的差异,对防空火力单元可射击系数、电磁环境修正系数这两个参数的具体计算方法进行了介绍。在此基础之上,对传统算法进行了改进,提高了防空火力单元射击有利度计算算法的合理性和科学性。     

弹炮结合武器系统火力分配优化问题研究

在确定弹炮结合武器系统对目标的可射击系数、火力重叠修正系数和转火矛盾修正系数的基础上,结合防空作战的实际,通过对运用地空导弹射击、运用高炮射击、运用地空导弹和高炮混合射击三种情况的分析,介绍了解决弹炮结合武器系统火力分配优化问题的一般步骤。通过算例,证明了该方法的可行性,为有效解决弹炮结合武器系统火力分配优化问题提供了一种较为科学的方法。     

防空火力单元射击有利度计算方法研究

针对现代防空作战火力分配的实际需要,在确定防空火力单元可射击系数的基础上,对影响防空火力单元射击有利度的指标进行分析,结合防空作战的实际情况,介绍了计算射击有利度的一般步骤。该算法有效克服了传统射击有利度算法的不足,较好地实现了射击有利度的计算。     

基于Monte Carlo法的地空导弹火力分配优化问题研究

在确定地空导弹对目标的可射击系数、火力重叠修正系数和转火矛盾修正系数的基础上,结合Monte Carlo法的基本原理,介绍了解决地空导弹火力分配优化问题的一般步骤。运用计算机模拟技术,通过算例,证明了该方法的可行性,为有效解决地空导弹火力分配优化问题提供了一种较为科学的方法。     

编队协同防空作战中的火力兼容判断研究

火力兼容是影响编队协同防空作战能力发挥的一个关键问题。针对编队协同防空作战过程中,怎样判断各舰艇防空武器系统之间是否存在火力冲突的问题,通过对编队防空作战火力兼容原理的分析,建立了编队协同防空作战中的火力兼容判断模型。能够辅助编队指挥员在制定编队协同防空决策方案时,进行火力兼容检测,从而消除方案中可能存在的火力冲突,保证编队防空作战能力最大程度的发挥。     

舰艇编队防空火力区划分方法研究

通过分析水面舰艇编队内各平台防空火力区,建立了编队防空火力区模型,提出并对比了两种不同的防空火力重叠区划分方法。对基本队形和复杂队形的编队进行了防空火力区划分仿真,仿真结果验证了火力区划分方法的有效性,可为编队协同作战指挥决策提供基础。     

基于改进遗传算法的防空火力优化分配方法

结合地空导弹部队防空作战的特点,提出了基于改进遗传算法的防空火力优化分配模型,给出了模型求解的方法和步骤,详细阐述了改进遗传算法在防空火力分配中的应用,通过在计算机上仿真运行实例得出了火力分配方案,通过仿真证明本方法运算速度较快,结果精度较高,对地面防空火力分配决策研究具有一定的参考价值。     

集团军区域防空体系的火力区分研究

密集部署的集团军区域防空体系,各防空群火力范围相互重叠,火力关系复杂。需要军防空指挥机构对所属各防空群的火力运用进行统一调控。论述了军区域防空体系火力区分的基本含义、特点和实施方法,建立了相应的数学模型,目的是为军防空火力运用和军新型防空指挥自动化系统开发提供理论指导和技术支持。     

舰机协同作战理论的两栖作战火力协同

为了提高航母编队的防空作战效能,必须对火力协同进行优化。提出一种舰艇与舰载机火力协同的方法,该方法在分析舰机协同防空作战火力协同体系的基础上,引入了舰机火力协同防空的概念,描述了舰机火力协同的对象、目标,分析了航母编队防空作战的三道防空警戒幕。通过对预警机引导巡逻机攻击过程的描述,建立舰载机的目标分配模型。在对内层防御区威胁度判断模型进行描述的基础上,建立舰艇的目标分配模型。最后的分析结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

地面防空火力单元抗饱和攻击能力分析与应用

在分析影响防空火力单元抗饱和攻击能力的基础上,建立了基于排队论求解防空作战能力的数学模型,对防空火力单元的抗饱和攻击能力进行了仿真计算。通过对火力单元对目标射击的毁歼概率和服务时间相对于抗击率的相互关系的分析,研究了集火射击对于防空兵群抗饱和攻击能力的影响,并在兵力资源需求分析和防空火力配系优化等方面进行了运用。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.