电刷镀Cu／Ni多层膜的摩擦学性能研究

采用电刷镀法制备了Cu／Ni多层膜,对多层膜的摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明,电刷镀法制备Cu/Ni多层膜镀层平整、均匀致密、晶粒细小,界面清晰;多层膜的摩擦磨损性能直接由单层膜厚决定:随着单层膜厚的减小,多层膜的摩擦系数减小,磨损形式由磨料磨损逐渐转变为粘着磨损;多层膜的磨损量随单层膜厚的减小而减小,当单层膜厚减小至纳米尺度时,存在一磨损量的最小值;电刷镀 Cu／Ni多层膜的临界单层膜厚约为20 nm。     

光纤通信系统用减反膜的研究

针对WDM光纤通信系统对具有极高透过率的光学薄膜元件的需要,系统地研究了增透膜的设计与镀制.采用统计实验求总极值法和Powell最小二乘法相结合的多级优化方法编制程序,完成了以BK7玻璃为基底的增透膜的膜系设计,采用多种监控方法完成了此类非规整膜系的镀制实验.测试结果表明,采用变过正量极值法监控非规整膜系的镀制,可精确控制各层膜的光学厚度,获得在1550nm波段附近具有很高透过率的光学薄膜元件.     

高隔离度干涉截止滤光片的设计与制备

根据光通讯无源器件和激光探测仪器对光学薄膜的特殊需求,采用解析法和自动优化法综合设计了高隔离度的干涉截止滤光片,分析了膜厚改变2%对设计膜系的透过率曲线的影响,通过莱宝APS1104镀膜机对所设计的膜系进行了实际镀制,获得了性能优良的高隔离度截止滤光片.     

软硬交替多层膜法向压入过程的有限元分析

采用大变形弹塑性有限单元法,对高速钢基体上的软硬交替多层膜在法向压痕作用下的力学行为,进行了模拟和分析.为了研究膜层数和膜厚的影响,对从单层到16层的不同膜层体系进行了计算.通过对诸如膜层的变形、最大应力随膜层数的变化、界面剪应力分布、表面张应力分布等的分析,得出了这些参数的分布及其对膜层体系的摩擦学性能的影响.这些结果可为多层膜的结构优化设计提供定量的依据.     

SAW-SXFA化学传感器的LB镀膜方法研究

选择了六氟-2-羟基异丙基聚硅氧烷（SXFA）作为声表面波（SAW）化学传感器的敏感膜材料,采用Langmuir—Blodgett膜技术进行镀膜,得到超薄且厚度均匀的多层膜,并且研究了不同膜厚的传感器对甲基膦酸二甲酯（DMMP）的响应情况。     

两层非λ/4激光增透膜

两层非λ/4增透膜很适合于在激光器件上使用。它对于材料的折射率没有严格的要求,因而可以选择各种镀膜材料,在各种基体上镀制这种增透膜,而且对于任一确定的可见或近红外激光波长,原则上都能达到接近零反射的要求。我们在K_9,ZF_1,ZF_2,BaK_3,水晶等基体上镀制Bi_2O_3—MgF_2或ZnS—MgF_2两层非λ/4增透膜,得到对于λ_0=6328A°单面反射率约万分之五(0.05％),更好的情况下达到万分之一至二(0.01—0.02％)的增透效果。本文详细地报告了两层非λ/4增透膜的原理,计算,制备和实验结果,并且讨论了两层非λ/4增透膜的一般性规律,以及增透膜的质量评价等问题;另外,还特别注意研究了Bi_2O_3膜的性质和蒸镀方法。     

直流磁控溅射法制备c-BN膜

本研究用一种新的方法—直流磁控溅射法制备了立方氮化硼膜(c-BN)。因为它的沉积速率较高,未来工业化的潜力较大,这一技术对工业界具有很大意义。c-BN膜的沉积过程由过去的射频系统改造而来。直流溅射的靶材选用了碳化硼,靶及试样台均接负极。我们将试样台放在一圆形电磁线圈的中央,即采用非平衡磁控模式。试验证明,试样台上的离子流密度及高子与中性粒子的比例是重要的试验参数。通过试验,在单晶硅片及钢衬底上沉积了几近单相的c-BN膜,并用电子探针(EPMA)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)和红外谱(IR)对膜的成分和结构进行了分析。膜的硬度和摩擦系数测量表明,所制备的c-BN膜具有出色的机械和摩擦学性能。     

陀螺转子正、反转监控效果的研究

简要分析了利用陀螺监控技术提高平台罗经系统精度的基本原理及各种监控方法的特点,介绍了采用监控陀螺正、反转对陀螺进行在线测漂及补偿的实验方案,并对采用挠性陀螺进行监控试验所获得的数据进行了分析总结。     

斜入射条件下F-P干涉腔透过率特性分析

分析了斜入射角条件下F-P干涉腔的透过率特性；结合单层介质膜和单层金属膜的反射特性随入射角的变化规律，得出了反射特性参数为恒定值时微腔、低反F-P干涉腔透过率的计算误差；仿真结果表明，在光束斜入射条件下，特别是在大入射角下，单层介质膜的反射率指数增大，单层金属膜的反射率和反射相移也指数增大，但其吸收系数指数减小，造成微腔、低反F-P干涉腔透过率曲线与反射特性参数为恒定值时相比均明显向下偏移，且偏移量逐渐增大。     

宽带系统中线性调频信号的目标参量估计

在宽带系统中,线性调频信号的模糊度函数不仅在时延和多普勒频移具有耦合性,而且其宽带模糊度函数的脊线已经不是简单的直线,使得进行目标参量估计变得复杂.系统地研究了高斯包络的线性调频信号的宽带、窄带模糊度函数,并应用其脊线之间的联系给出了两种简单的估计目标速度的修正方法,最后进行了充分的仿真,结果表明:这两种方法都可以有效的降低估计误差,提高精度.     

光学系统的副像及其消除方法的探讨

视准式光学系统瞄准具的成像有主像和副像两种情形,主像是对目标瞄准的必要标志,副像则对目标的瞄准产生不良影响,为消除或减弱光学系统所成的副像对瞄准精度的影响,主要分析了光学系统中中心反射镜的反射和有无平行差时产生副像的原因.提出了消除或减弱副像的多项措施,并针对中心反射镜提出了两种截然相反地改进方法.可有效地消除或减弱副像所引起的不良干扰对飞行人员视觉的影响,有效地提高了观察效果和瞄准精度.     

去偏转换坐标卡尔曼滤波器的雷达目标跟踪

在雷达目标跟踪中 ,扩展卡尔曼滤波 (EKF)和转换坐标卡尔曼滤波 (CMKF)得到了广泛的应用。但当目标方位角的测量误差与目标斜距的乘积较大时 ,传统的EKF和CMKF的滤波性能会大大降低。推导了有测速元时的去偏转换卡尔曼滤波 (DCMKF)算法 ,仿真结果表明DCMKF的精度比EKF与CMKF有了很大的提高     

Performance evaluation and optimization design of photoelectric pyrometer detection optical system

The measurement and control of high temperature play very important roles in national defense, military, scientific experiments, industrial and agricultural production. Photoelectric pyrometer is one of the important radiation thermometers for non-contact temperature measurement. It has an important application in the field of high temperature measurement, and its performance directly affects the accuracy of temperature measurement. By improving the design of the detection optical system of the photoelectric pyrometer, the imaging performance of the photoelectric pyrometer can be improved effectively, and the temperature measurement accuracy can be improved. In this paper, the temperature measurement principle of photoelectric pyrometer, the working principle of the detection optical system and the composition of the system are introduced. The optical components that affect the imaging of the optical system of the photoelectric pyrometer are analyzed. The optical pyrometer detection optical system is simulated by ZEMAX software, based on the analysis results, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and the spot Diagram are used as the main evaluation criteria to optimize the design of the objective lens of the photoelectric pyrometer detection optical system. The imaging performance of the photoelectric pyrometer detection optical system and the accuracy of temperature measurement of the photoelectric pyrometer are improved by optimization design of the detection optical system.     

面向柔性加工环境的过程状态振动监测

本文运用提出的通用状态监测模型及策略,以振动信号监测为例,提取设备运行状态的振动信号方差和振动信号建立AR模型的参数估计的变化率参数作为两类通用特征参数,对柔性加工系统进行归一化监测,取得了良好的效果。建立的监测系统简洁、快速、可靠,满足柔性制造环境下设备运行状态监测的要求。     

Influence of process parameters on physical dimensions of AA6063 aluminium alloy coating on mild steel in friction surfacing

An attempt is made in the present study to obtain the relationships among process parameters and physical dimensions of AA6063 aluminium alloy coating on IS2062 mild steel obtained through friction surfacing and their impact on strength and ductility of the coating. Factorial experimental design technique was used to investigate and select the parameter combination to achieve a coating with adequate strength and ductility. Spindle speed, axial force and table traverse speed were observed to be the most significant factors on physical dimensions. It was observed that the thickness of the coating decreased as the coating width increased. In addition, the width and thickness of the coatings are higher at low and high torques. At intermediate torque values, when the force is high, the width of the coating is high, and its thickness is thin; and when the force is low, the width and thickness are low. The interaction effect between axial force(F)-table traverse speed(Vx) and spindle speed(N)-table traverse speed(Vx) produced an increasing effect on coating width and thickness, but other interactions exhibited decreasing influence. It has also been observed that sound coatings could be obtained in a narrow set of parameter range as the substrate-coating materials are metallurgically incompatible and have a propensity to form brittle intermetallics.     

基于视频监控的人的异常行为系统设计

"视频监控"是一种可实现夜间检测的视频监控系统,普遍用于沿街商铺、仓库、郊区独户别墅以及小区等场所。传统的视频监控对摄像头的要求较高,并且需要多人值守,对人力、财力的要求较高。针对传统视频监控存在的不足,设计了一种智能检测系统,能实现对非法入侵、物品盗移等异常状况的实时检测和及时报警,还针对夜间图像的特点设计增强算法,使普通摄像头可实现夜间监控,大大降低了视频监控的应用成本并提高了监控效率。     

Experimental investigation on anti-penetration performance of polyurea-coated ASTM1045 steel plate subjected to projectile impact

In this study, the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate subjected to high velocity projectile was analyzed. Two kinds of modified polyurea material (AMMT-053 and AMMT-055) were selected and a ballistic impact testing system including speed measuring target system and high-speed camera was designed. This experiment was conducted with a rifle and 5.8 mm projectile to explore the effects by the polyurea coating thickness, the polyurea coating position and the glass-fiber cloth on the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate. The result showed that the effects of polyurea coating position were different between two types of polyurea, and that the effects of glass-fiber position were disparate between two types of polyurea as well. For AMMT-053 polyurea material, it was better to be on front face than on rear face; whereas for AMMT-055 pol-yurea, it was better to be on rear surface although the difference was very subtle. Additionally, formulas had been given to describe the relationship between the effectiveness of polyurea and the thickness of polyurea coating. In general, AMMT-055 had better anti-penetration performance than AMMT-053. Furthermore, five typical damage modes including self-healing, crack, local bulge, spallation and local fragmentation were defined and the failure mechanism was analyzed with the results of SHPB test. Additionally, the bonding strength played an important role in the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/steel composite plate.     

基于几何解算的飞机三维姿态测量方法

针对单站光测图像,提出一种基于目标形状特征的三维姿态测量方法。在已知飞机外形尺寸、光测设备成像参数以及飞机与光测设备之间距离的情况下,根据飞机参考平面(水平机翼所在平面)与成像平面平行和不平行时成像尺寸的差异,可以估计出飞机参考平面相对于成像平面的位置关系,从而得到飞机相对于摄像坐标系的三维姿态,再通过坐标转换即可得到飞机相对于大地坐标系的三维姿态。该方法充分利用了目标和成像设备的先验知识,避免了复杂的模型匹配过程,具有较好的准确度和实时性,对目标的精确控制和跟踪具有重要意义。