活性炭纤维负载TiO2的光催化性能

以水玻璃为粘结剂，活性炭纤维为载体，采用涂覆法制备出负载型TiO2／ACF光催化剂，考察了不同处理工艺条件下（UV，UV＋ACF，UV＋TiO2／ACF）TNT溶液的光催化降解率，同时探讨了初始质量浓度、TiO2负载量及光照强度等因素对TNT溶液去除率的影响。结果表明，利用涂覆法可以将TiO2很好地负载到活性炭纤维表面，在光照2h条件下，TiO2／ACF光催化剂对TNT溶液的降解率可达90．4％。     

TiO2／AC复合光催化剂的制备及表征

利用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,然后浸渍到活性炭（AC）上制得负载型TiO2/AC复合光催化剂,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X－射线衍射对其进行了分析表征。TiO2/AC复合光催化剂对CNCl和Freon-22的吸附光催化具有较高的能力。AC为TiO2提供了高浓度环境从而促进了反应速率。     

一种新型甲醛气体清除材料的实验研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法将纳米TiO2负载在活性碳纤维上,制备出一种新型甲醛气体清除材料。在制备中依次掺杂Fe3+和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对纳米TiO2进行改性,研究了纳米TiO2光催化活性的变化,并测试了自制材料的甲醛清除效率。结果表明:Fe3+和SDBS的添加不会改变纳米TiO2的晶型结构,但有利于晶粒的成长和负载膜的光催化活性;添加体积分数分别为0.8%的Fe3+和3%的SDBS时,材料的甲醛清除效率最高。     

La掺杂GO/TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用改进Hummer氧化法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),采用超声辅助溶胶凝胶法,以GO、硝酸镧、钛酸丁酯为原料制备La掺杂GO/Ti O_2复合材料。通过综合热分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和紫外可见光谱仪等仪器对复合材料的结构及理化性质进行表征和分析。以紫外光(UV)照射下复合材料对甲醛的降解率为指标考察光催化活性,探讨煅烧温度、GO质量分数、La质量分数对复合材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明,GO/Ti O_2复合材料对甲醛的降解率高于纯TiO_2,La的掺杂进一步提高了复合材料的光催化效率。煅烧温度为500℃,GO的质量分数为9%,La的质量分数为5%时复合材料对甲醛的降解率最佳,达到87.5%。     

La掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了镧掺杂TiO2粉体材料，利用DSC—TG和XRD进行了结构表征，以TNT为目标降解物研究了其光催化性能。结果表明，La掺杂抑制了TiO2的晶粒增长和晶型的转变，适量的La掺杂提高了TiO2的光催化活性，La掺杂量（摩尔分数）为2％时光催化活性最佳，La掺杂过量会降低其光催化活性。     

N掺杂改性纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,尿素为N源,制备了N掺杂改性纳米Ti O2光催化材料;用XRD、DSC-TG、FT-IR、UV-Vis DRS、SEM-EDS等测试手段,对材料结构和性能进行了表征;利用光催化反应器,在紫外灯光照条件下考察了材料对水中苯酚的降解效果。结果表明:N掺杂改性使Ti O2晶粒更加细化,出现红移现象,光催化活性显著提高;在N掺杂量为5%(摩尔分数),煅烧温度为500℃,催化剂用量为2 g/L,500 W紫外灯光照条件下,光催化降解200 m L苯酚溶液(2 mg/L)的效果最佳;反应60 min后,苯酚降解率达到91.3%。     

纳米TiO2光催化净化有害气体的研究

以钛酸正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在柔性材料上制备了中孔TiO2薄膜光催化剂,利用TEM和Raman研究了薄膜的表面及结构特性,以甲醛、氰化氢、苯的光催化氧化反应为试验反应,考察TiO2薄膜光催化剂的活性。结果表明,制得了具有中孔结构、结晶完好的锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜光催化剂,具有较好的光催化活性。     

膨胀石墨对复合相变材料性能的影响

在硬脂酸中加入膨胀石墨,用熔融共混法制备了硬脂酸/膨胀石墨复合相变材料,对复合相变材料的微观结构、热性能、稳定性、储放热能力等进行了表征分析,探究了膨胀石墨对硬脂酸结构与性能的影响规律。结果表明:硬脂酸/膨胀石墨复合相变材料结构上是硬脂酸与膨胀石墨的物理结合,未发生化学反应生成其他物质,保持了两者的优良性能;随着膨胀石墨质量的增加,复合相变材料储放热时间减少,热效率提高,稳定性增强,同时相变温度和相变潜热降低。     

二十一烷/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备与表征

利用膨胀石墨良好的导热性和吸附性,以膨胀石墨为载体材料,以二十一烷为相变材料,用熔融共混法制备二十一烷/膨胀石墨复合相变材料,采用差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、综合热分析仪等仪器对其进行性能测试和表征。结果表明:膨胀石墨具有网络状微孔结构,通过与二十一烷的物理结合将其封装,使其稳定性提高;随着膨胀石墨质量分数的增加,复合相变材料的导热性能增强、失重区间延长、热稳定性增强;复合相变材料的相变温度、相变潜热略有降低,过冷现象得到改善,蓄放热时间减少,热效率提高。     

煅烧温度对钛酸钡晶相的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备钛酸钡干凝胶.通过DSC对其进行热分析,确定两个煅烧温度:780 ℃和900 ℃.通过DSC,XRD对这两种温度煅烧得到的钛酸钡进行晶相结构表征.结果表明,随着煅烧温度升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,(111)面间距d(111)和α轴逐渐减小,c轴逐渐增大.说明可以通过提高煅烧温度得到常温下为铁电性的四方相钛酸钡晶体,解决了溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸钡在常温下为顺电性的立方相晶体这一问题.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.