多重分形海杂波建模新方法

为了建立具有多重分形特性的海杂波模型,提出了基于分数布朗运动模型和多重分形理论的海杂波建模新方法。该方法通过对分数布朗运动进行随机时间抽样,产生近似多重分形的随机过程,用以模拟海杂波时间序列。Matlab仿真结果表明:模型产生的时间序列可以有效地模拟海杂波的多重分形特性。     

基于分形几何的信号特征提取技术及其应用研究

针对分形客观展现事物原貌的特点 ,从工程应用的角度分别对信号的分形性验证、有效分析区间的确定、分形性描述和刻画、设备状态的趋势分析等方面作了探讨 ,形成了基于分形几何的信号特征提取技术 ,并描绘出基于分形几何的设备故障诊断模式     

基于分形理论的微地形的重建

对自然地表分形特征进行了分析和总结,并结合微地形所具有的自然特性,提出了具有方向性分形特征的中点随机位移法。实验结果表明该方法能较好地反映原始数据的总体轮廓,而且还能较好地再现原始微地形的粗糙起伏及各向异性,因而是一种可行的构造三维地形的插值方法。     

具有随机分形自适应搜索策略的蚁狮优化算法

针对蚁狮算法在平衡开发能力与探索能力不足的缺点,提出了具体有随机分形自适应搜索策略的改进算法。在该策略中,蚂蚁利用随机分形搜索方程提高算法的探索能力;蚁狮利用自适应搜索方程在最优位置进行精细搜索,以提高算法的开发能力。对3个单峰、3个多峰标准测试函数进行寻优,仿真结果表明,相比于其他算法,所提出的改进算法很好地平衡了自身的开发能力和探索能力,显著提高了全局优化能力和收敛速率。     

雷达目标回波信号的混沌、多重分形分析与识别

本文旨在将混沌、多重分形的理论和方法引入雷达信号处理，从混沌、分形动力学角度来揭示和刻划复杂目标散射机理，为进行有效信号处理和可靠目标识别寻找新的理论和技术实现方法。文中统计了五种飞机目标回波信号的Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数分布情况，并计算了其多重分形维数，然后在此基础上，进行了目标识别的实验，获得了较高识别率。本文的研究表明，混沌、多重分形理论在目标特性及识别的研究中具有良好的应用前景。     

分数布朗运动模型的人造目标检测

对光电目标进行自动检测与识别是导弹末端智能制导的一项关键技术,分形理论的出现为解决这个问题提供了新的技术途径.分形维计算的稳定性问题制约着其在实际工程中的应用.基于图像分形维计算的分数布朗运动模型法,提出了一种能够从自然背景中检测出人造目标的方法.实验证明,对于光电目标检测,给出方法的检测结果稳定,是一种非常有前途的方法.     

基于B-样条分形插值的垂直尺度因子的计算方法

将线性分形插值推广到B-样条上,可避免线性分形插值局限性,进一步扩大分形理论的应用范围。分形插值应用的关键问题,是如何合理地确定垂直尺度因子di的值,而它的计算却没有一种很有效的方法。通过解析方法,获得了均匀B-样条分形插值“S”点的代数解,从而,可准确计算出垂直尺度因子,解决了影响B-样条分形插值应用的难题。     

基于2分随机乘法模型的多重分形海杂波建模研究

为准确建立海杂波模型,将乘法模型与多重分形相结合引入到高分辨率海杂波建模研究中,提出了一种基于2分随机乘法模型的多重分形海杂波建模方法,理论上分析了模型的多重分形特性,并从实测海杂波数据中提取了倍乘因子的分布特性,提出了基于Beta分布的倍乘因子构建方法,仿真得到了海杂波数据。通过对瑞利分布、韦布尔分布和对数正态分布的比较分析以及K-S的统计检验,验证了2分随机乘法模型的合理性,这为高分辨率雷达的海杂波建模研究及其背景下的目标检测研究奠定了理论基础。     

光学表面的分形特点与模拟表征算法

根据光学表面在微观结构呈现出的自相似性,利用尺度无关的分形模型描述了其结构特征;采用结构函数法对抛光表面的分形维数进行计算,分析了粗糙度参数RMS值、误差波长、测量尺度、采样长度和采样点数对分形维数的影响规律。在此基础上,提出了采用一阶自回归分形模型对抛光表面进行模拟的新方法,分析了界定尺度、模型参数对分形特征和分形维数的影响规律。利用分形维数描述光学表面的微观结构具有评价方法简单、在一定范围内与测量尺度无关等优点。     

基于盒维数的间歇采样转发干扰识别方法

间歇采样转发干扰是一种针对相干雷达的有效干扰样式,其对抗技术研究已经成为电子战领域的热点课题,而干扰识别历来是抗干扰技术中最关键的环节,针对间歇采样转发干扰的识别问题,提出了一种基于盒维数的干扰识别方法,将分形理论应用于间歇采样转发干扰的识别。通过对3类间歇采样转发干扰信号的产生原理及频谱进行分析,挖掘干扰及目标回波的分形特征,提取分形盒维数作为干扰识别的特征参数,并利用支持向量机进行分类识别,为后续雷达系统采取抗干扰措施提供先验信息。仿真结果证明该方法具有较高的识别概率。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.