虚拟样机在装备性能仿真和评估中的应用

说明了机械系统动力学研究的必要性 ,阐述了虚拟样机的特点。在分析火炮后坐部分的主要受力的基础上 ,首次将 ADAMS应用到武器装备研究领域 ,结合 Fortran语言编程 ,在 ADAMS平台上建立了火炮虚拟样机。在此基础上 ,将虚拟样机仿真方法和传统建模方法进行了对比 ,克服了火炮传统建模方法中“对称、平面、静平衡”假设的缺陷 ,进一步证明了将ADAMS引入武器装备领域仿真研究的可行性。最后 ,提出了火炮动态性能分级评估方案 ,定义了故障评判函数的概念 ,并对虚拟样机的应用前景进行了展望。     

土壤参数改变对火炮射击性能影响的仿真研究

建立某型火炮的虚拟样机模型,通过改变土质介质刚度,形成了不同的土质情况,并在此基础上进行火炮发射仿真试验,测取火炮炮架间关键部位的受力情况及炮口中心点在炮口平面内的位移情况,将仿真结果进行对比分析,研究土质变化对火炮射击性能的影响。     

虚拟导弹发射车动力学仿真模型研究

分别建立了全尺寸的全刚体和刚柔混合的导弹发射车虚拟样机,对导弹发射车进行了随机路面行驶以及过沟、越障的动力学仿真计算。仿真结果表明,该虚拟样机建模方法正确,能为导弹发射车的动力学特性研究提供参考。     

ADAMS的某自行火炮自动开闩及抽筒过程动力学分析

在某型自行火炮炮身的研究中,利用Pro/E和ADAMS软件建立了炮身虚拟样机模型,完成了后坐复进和自动开闩以及抽筒的动作仿真.通过动力学分析获得了全装药射击条件下的仿真结果,与试验实测结果进行比较,证明所建虚拟样机是可信的,并重点对自动开闩以及抽筒过程的动力学特性进行了研究,为疲劳寿命以及可靠性分析研究提供了有力的支持.     

虚拟样机在火炮研制及评估中的应用研究

介绍仿真的重要性 ,对虚拟样机的优点进行了概述 ,讨论了火炮的拓扑结构和自由度 ,并建立了各体局部坐标系。首次将 ADAMS的应用引入到装备仿真领域 ,介绍了机械系统仿真分析平台 ADAMS及装备虚拟样机建立的步骤 ,结合Fortran语言编程在 ADAMS环境下建立了装备虚拟样机 ,算例仿真结果证明了武器装备模型及其虚拟样机建立的正确性。基于虚拟样机仿真 ,制定了火炮故障评估方案 ,提出故障评判函数的概念。最后展望了虚拟样机技术在武器装备领域的应用前景     

基于物元分析和虚拟样机仿真的火炮性能评估

讨论了模糊评判和灰色评判的优缺点,分析了物元分析理论的优越性和对装备性能评估的必要性。研究了影响火炮性能的主要因素,概括了表征火炮性能的3个指标。结合Fortran语言编程,利用ADAMS建立了火炮虚拟样机。在火炮虚拟样机仿真的基础上,将基于物元分析的可拓工程方法引入装备性能分析领域,利用虚拟样机仿真结果对火炮性能进行评估,使得对火炮性能评估由定性转向定性和定量相结合的方向,评估结果说明了可拓工程方法和虚拟样机技术用于火炮性能评估的可行性和优越性。最后,展望了利用可拓工程方法在装备领域进行研究的下一步工作。     

火炮虚拟随机试验技术

为了实现装备的虚拟随机试验,运用虚拟样机技术和多刚体理论,建立了火炮系统动力学模型;基于模型考虑装备系统结构及参数的随机性、离散性,将随机模拟方法与虚拟试验技术结合,借助MSC\Insight模块开发了火炮虚拟随机试验平台。基于平台进行了火炮虚拟试验,并对实验结果进行了统计分析,实现了装备行为特征的有效模拟。     

基于ADAMS的自行火炮射击仿真研究

在分析某型自行火炮结构特点以及射击时受力和运动的基础上,利用PRO/E和ADAMS/ATV联合建立某型自行火炮的虚拟样机模型.利用fortran语言将内弹道计算的发射时火药气体压力以及复进机、驻退机力编为外挂程序模块施加于模型,然后将射击仿真时的后坐运动与反后坐说明书的数据进行对比,结果证明该虚拟样机与火炮射击后坐的运动情况基本一致,符合工程分析的要求.     

基于虚拟样机技术的车载火炮射击稳定性仿真

车载火炮射击稳定性作为车炮匹配性评价重要指标,是车炮匹配性定量化评估与系统优化研究的必要环节。基于SolidWorks建立实体模型,结合Fortran语言编制用户自定义程序,在ADAMS环境中建立了车载火炮发射虚拟样机模型。通过应用变量设计方法对火线高等参数进行参数化设计,可以实现虚拟样机仿真的迅捷化,分析了火线高等结构参数对车载火炮后坐稳定性的影响规律。引入灵敏度分析方法,研究了各结构参数对稳定性影响的显著程度,解决了因参数量纲不同无法比较的难题,获得了火线高、支撑间距、后坐部分质量等备选优化参数序列集。进而对车载火炮的射击稳定性进行了优化,为车炮匹配性总体优化奠定基础。最后,展望了下一步研究的工作重点。     

基于ADAMS的某榴弹发射器虚拟样机仿真及其动力学特性分析

用Pro/E建立某自动榴弹发射器的三维实体模型,并通过Mechanism/Pro模块将其导入到多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS中,通过对其各个部件施加约束、运动和力,建立了该发射器的虚拟样机模型.利用该虚拟样机模型,结合实验数据和理论数据对榴弹发射器系统进行了单发和连发射击时仿真结果的对比,证明了虚拟样机的可信性,以虚拟样机为工具,分析了发射器系统射击时的动力学特性,得出了一些有价值的结论.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.