静电放电防护器件研究综述

静电放电（Electrostatic Discharge,ESD）严重影响当今微电子器件的可靠性,使用静电放电防护器件是提高电路ESD可靠性的一种重要途径。随着微电子技术的高速发展,出现了多种新型防护器件。文章介绍了当前最常用的几种静电放电防护器件（瞬态电压抑制管（TVS）、可控硅整流器件（SCR）、NMOS器件）的工作机理及其国内外研究现状和发展趋势。开展静电放电防护器件研究,对提高静电放电防护器件性能及设计新型静电放电防护器件有着重要指导作用。     

月尘环境材料带电地面模拟试验系统研究

介绍月尘的特点及月尘静电对航天活动的危害,根据月尘环境下材料带电的原理,构建真空环境材料带电地面模拟试验系统.利用装置进行模拟静电月尘对探月航天器的作用,研究月尘静电对登月探测器的静电起电、吸附、耦合及放电效应影响规律,从而初步解决我国在探月工程上月球探测器对月球表面静电防护技术的需求.     

静电放电抗扰度试验方法存在的问题及相关研究

综述静电放电（ESD）抗扰度试验方法中存在的问题，从静电放电电流的数学描述、静电放电电磁辐射场模型、静电放电与电子设备之间的能量耦合规律及静电放电抗扰度试验4个方面对这些问题的研究状况进行了描述。在此基础上，提出一些解决或改善这些问题的建议和方法以及下一步研究方向。     

静电信息探测技术研究现状及进展

利用静电起电及放电过程中产生的静电场和辐射场信息来进行探测是航空静电危害防护、目标探测与定位等领域的关键技术。综述利用静电信息进行探测的各种理论、技术及其应用等方面的研究现状，对研究中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

新型弹药装备静电放电试验研究

静电放电试验是安全性评价的一项重要内容.参照IEC 61000-4-2标准,提出弹药装备静电放电试验方法为间接静电放电和直接静电放电.该方法拓展应用标准的"开放等级",构建试验系统,并进行相应的试验研究,从而为新型弹药装备定型或静电安全性评价提供了全面评价方法.     

一种基于静电引信被动探测的引战配合方法

针对静电引信采用被动探测方式,不能提供引战配合所需信息的难题,根据静电探测原理,设计了一种静电引信双探测器布设阵列,解算出了引战配合所需信息,并结合静电探测器的静电电压响应曲线特性,提出了一种基于零点(脱靶点)的全公式化引战配合延时模型,解决了静电引信被动探测时引战配合信息获取及高效引战配合的难题,同时可以为其他型号引...     

火箭弹防静电作用研究

针对电发火弹药静电放电问题,以某型130 mm火箭弹为例,采用真实静电感度测试系统测试了电火工品在有、无绝缘层时50%的静电点火能量,并在试验程序及数据处理中使用真实静电感度数据处理方法统计了50%静电发火能量的估计值。通过比较发现二者的差值在误差范围内,这表明静电放电研究中可以将弹体所接受的能量视作全部作用于火工品上,绝缘层不吸收静电放电的能量。在电发火弹药的防护中,必须采用静电防护措施杜绝电发火弹药的意外发火。     

航天服静电放电点燃能力实验研究

人—航天服系统产生的静电放电能否引燃航天服关系到载人航天飞机的安全性。通过实验研究了在纯氧和普通大气条件下 ,静电放电对各种航天服的引燃能力。实验表明 ,在普通大气条件下 ,静电放电不能引燃航天服材料。在纯氧条件下 ,点燃航天服材料所需的静电能量与静电放电的模型有关 ,机器模型的引燃能力最强。静电放电航天服点燃航天服材料所需的最小能量为 4 8mJ。     

一种新型静电除尘灭菌系统的研制

高压脉冲预荷电和静电强化纤维集尘是一种新型的高效除尘技术,对于１０μｍ以下的微小尘粒能够充分荷电和高效集尘。本文介绍了该型静电除尘灭菌系统的系统结构、工作原理、微小尘粒的荷电原理和集尘机理,并讨论了脉冲荷电克服反电晕和静电强化集尘抑制尘粒二次飞扬的机理。     

针-板电极电晕辐射仿真研究

电晕放电是静电放电的一种特殊形式。在分析电晕放电特性的基础上,对针-板电极系统高压电晕辐射场方向特性进行了仿真研究。通过实验与仿真得出:针-板电极系统高压电晕辐射场频谱范围大约为10~200MHz,能量主要集中在80 MHz以下。80 MHz以下辐射场方向图与偶极子天线的辐射方向图相似,低于100 MHz的辐射主要在针电极一侧,而高于100 MHz以上的辐射场方向图极为复杂,其主要辐射在板电极的后方。电晕放电辐射场的空间分布与放电电压、电极的形状以及电晕的发展过程等因素有关,对于电晕放电的不同发展阶段,其辐射场的频域范围也不同。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.