爆磁压缩发生器延时控制系统的分析与改进

延时控制系统是保证爆磁压缩发生器运行的关键部件,介绍了传统平板型开关延时控制系统的工作机制,分析了其优缺点。在此基础上,通过理论和实验研究,对平板型开关延时控制系统进行了改进,采用固化的同轴式导爆索接通开关,提出了一种符合爆磁压缩发生器工作要求的同轴型开关延时控制系统,测量了导爆索的爆速和固化开关的导通时间,并在爆磁压缩实验中对该延时控制系统的性能进行了验证。     

四种螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器的实验研究

实验研究了四种螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器,给出了其主要实验结果和结论。     

爆磁压缩发生器延时控制系统分析及实现

针对爆磁压缩发生器高精度延时起爆控制的要求,建立了基于电路控制延时方案的最佳起爆时序模型,分析了其时序误差散布。设计了一种爆轰驱动飞片型高功率放电开关,通过数值仿真分析了开关的耐压能力及飞片变形。实验测试了6发开关的闭合放电性能,数据表明:开关两极间电压5k V时未出现击穿现象,闭合响应时间分布在66±5μs以内、标准差2.7μs,开关导通时间≥900μs,放电效率接近90%。采用小型爆磁压缩发生器与延时控制系统进行了联调实验,结果表明:爆磁压缩发生器运行时刻与电流峰值时刻相差1.8μs,延时误差7.8%,延时控制系统满足高精度起爆控制的要求。     

柱锥级联型爆磁压缩发生器的实验研究

研究了柱锥级联型爆磁压缩发生器。给出了主要实验结果。发生器的负载是3.5μH,最大电流是55.8KA,上升前沿是14.3μs,电压为30.5KV。平均电流放大倍数是6.4。     

新型爆磁压缩脉冲功率调制电路

爆磁压缩发生器一般具有较低阻抗,在驱动较高阻抗负载时需要脉冲功率调制电路。传统的脉冲功率调制电路需要脉冲变压器,体积庞大,若其后再采用传输线作中间电容储能,尽管输出波形有改善,但体积更大。提出一种无需脉冲变压器,把传输线当作电感储能元件的功率调制电路。该方案具有电路结构简单、体积紧凑、绝缘压力小等优点。文中同时给出了电路的仿真结果。该功率调制方案将使爆磁压缩的应用更加广泛。     

低空核爆炸区地面剂量率和剂量计算方法研究

根据地爆和空爆爆区剂量率衰减的经验公式,提出了低空爆爆区地面剂量率衰减的数学模型。由此推导出低空爆爆区剂量率和停留剂量计算公式,设计计算程序和由数值计算结果绘制图表。从而解决了不同土壤条件下低空爆爆区剂量率和剂量的手工计算和计算机计算问题。这种计算方法同时适用于地爆和空爆时的剂量率和剂量计算,因为这些条件可以作为低空爆的特殊情况处理。     

爆轰电磁波的纵向传输问题及实现途径

文章用微波网络分析法从理论上分析了爆磁压缩发生器（ＦＣＧ）输出的电磁波应当或怎样传输到虚阴极振荡器（Ｖｉｒｃａｔｏｒ）,即所谓纵向传输问题。而后从麦氏方程组出发,导出了一维亥姆霍兹方程,它的解代表了电磁波沿纵向的传输特性。以金属矩形波导为例,说明了ＦＣＧ向Ｖｉｒｃａｔｏｒ的传输为单模传输,最低次模是ＴＥ１０模。最后,将波导定向耦合器作为ＦＣＧ向Ｖｉｒｃａｔｏｒ传输电磁波的传输线,从理论上证明是可行的。     

常规导弹爆炸高度误差对毁伤效应的影响分析

以典型的常规弹道导弹为例 ,计算了用过载进行爆高控制的控制误差 ,建立了爆炸高度与毁伤效应关系的数学模型 ,通过优化确定了最佳爆高。计算并分析了爆高误差对毁伤效应的影响 ,为爆高控制系统设计和作战运用提供了理论依据     

红外脉冲强光辐射源中电爆丝爆炸机理研究

利用电爆丝的一种红外脉冲强光辐射新技术,从理论和实验上研究了电爆丝的爆炸机理。用电爆丝绝热加热模型数值模拟了电爆丝在冲击大电流作用下的电爆炸特性,电爆丝根数对电爆炸特性的影响。实验结果与理论模拟相一致。     

燃气发生器内弹道设计计算

导弹燃气发生器的合理设计对于满足导弹发射内弹道压力、温度、速度及加速度等指标的要求具有重要作用。对某型导弹发射动力系统的燃气发生器进行装药设计,建立了装药设计的关系式,并对燃气发生器的内弹道进行了计算。计算结果表明,所建立的装药设计关系式能够满足燃气发生器内弹道指标要求。还研究了装药增面比对燃气发生器内弹道性能的影响,计算结果表明装药增面比过大会导致燃气发生器头部压力过大,从而不能满足内弹道指标的要求。     

炸药装药在压剪加载下的起爆特点

进行了两类压剪加载实验：（１）利用石英的平面正碰撞产生压剪加载的实验,采用电磁质速法测试装药试件内部不同质点的运动情况,分析炸药装药中发生化学反应的可能性;（２）在压剪炮上采用平行倾斜碰撞产生压剪加载的实验,观测炸药装药爆炸的可能性。由实验可以看出：在亚爆轰状态的压缩加载应力条件下,剪切的联合作用对炸药的起爆起到敏化作用,适当比例的压剪加载造成更加敏感的炸药起爆响应。文中给出了起爆响应规律和响应机制的实验分析。     

Investigation on energy output structure of explosives near-ground explosion

In order to give the energy output structure of typical explosives near-ground explosion in real ground conditions, the free-field shockwave, ground reflection shockwave and Mach wave overpressure time history of composition B explosive, RDX explosive and aluminized explosive were measured by air pressure sensors and ground pressure sensors. The shape of the free-field shock wave, ground reflection shock wave, and Mach wave and explosion flame were captured by high-speed camera. The experimental results show that, at the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of explosive shock wave of composition B explosive, both in the air and on the ground, is less than that of RDX and aluminized explosives. At a distance of 3.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is slightly less than that of RDX explosives. Owing to the exothermic effect of aluminum powder, the pressure drop of aluminized explosives is slower than that of RDX explosives. At 5.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is larger than that of RDX explosives. At the same position from the initiation point, among the three kinds of explosives, the impulse of aluminized explosives is the maximum and the impulse of composition B explosives is the minimum. With the increase of the horizontal distance from the initiation point, the height of Mach triple-points (Mach steam) of the three explosives increases gradually. At the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, there is poorly difference in the height of Mach triple-points between aluminized explosive and RDX explosive, and the height of Mach triple-points of composition B explosive is much smaller than that of other two explosives. The maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by aluminized explosives are the largest, followed by composition B explosive, and the maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by RDX explosive are the smallest.     

Reaction degree of composition B explosive with multi-layered compound structure protection subjected to detonation loading

The explosive reaction degree and protection from explosions are concerns in the military field.In this work,the reaction degree of the composition B explosive was investigated experimentally.Multi-layered compound structures were used as barriers to weaken the blast loads.A comprehensive experiment using a high-speed camera and image processing techniques,side witness plates,and bottom witness plates was presented.Using the experimental fragment velocities,fragment piercing patterns,and damage characteristics,the reaction degree of the explosive impeded by different multi-layered com-pound structures could be precisely differentiated.Reaction parameters of the explosive obstructed by compound structures were obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.Unlike the common method in which the explosive reaction degree is only distinguished based on the initial pressure amplitude transmitted into the explosive,a following shock wave reflected from the side steel casing was also considered.Different detonation growth paths in the explosive formed.Therefore,all these shock wave propagation characteristics must be considered to analyze the explosive response impeded by compound structures.     

FCG电枢膨胀过程流体计算

建立了爆炸磁压缩装置 (FCG)的 2 D轴对称有限元模型 ,应用显式非线性动力分析程序进行求解 ,得到了爆磁压缩装置电枢膨胀过程的图像。电枢使用Johnson Cook材料模型和根据实验Hugoniot曲线确定的Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ状态方程 ,考虑到了材料应变率硬化和塑性功绝热加热过程 ;炸药材料采用JWL状态方程 ,得到了铝金属管电枢的膨胀过程、膨胀张角以及塑性功导致的电枢温度升高     

Terrorists and Unconventional Weapons: Is the Threat Real?

For years the government has been concerned about terrorists and unconventional weapons - but is the threat real? The threat is definitely real, but may not be from the source you would expect. The threat is not from biological and chemical weapons as experts seems to think - yes the information is readily available, but production and dissemination are far more complicated than what the public has been lead to believe. Even the threat from radiological devices, otherwise known as 'dirty bombs', is not realistic. The weapon is extremely dangerous to make, very heavy and produces a low mass casualty rate. Instead the threat stems from terrorists acquiring, producing or stealing nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons today are small enough that we would never be able to find them, and they can be remotely detonated.     

Microcrack- and microvoid-related impact damage and ignition responses for HMX-based polymer-bonded explosives at high temperature

Investigating the damage and ignition behaviors of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) under a coupled impact and high-temperature loading condition is required for the safe use of charged PBXs. An improved combined microcrack and microvoid model (CMM) was developed for better describing the thermal effects of deformation, damage, and ignition responses of PBXs. The main features of the model under typical dynamic loadings (i.e. uniaxial tension and compression, and lateral confinement) at different initial temperature were first studied. And then the effects of temperature on impact-shear sensitivity of HMX-based PBXs were investigated. The results showed that the ignition threshold velocity of shear-crack hotspots exhibits an increase from 260 to 270 to 315–325 m/s when initial temperature increases from 301 to 348 K; and then the threshold velocity decreases to 290–300 m/s with the initial temperature continually increasing to 378 K. The predicted ignition threshold velocity level of the explosives under coupled impact and high temperature loading conditions were consistent with the experimental data.     

Performances and direct writing of CL-20 based ultraviolet curing explosive ink

A new type of explosive ink formulation that can be quickly cured was prepared with unsaturated polyester as binder,styrene as active monomer,2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide as photoinitiator,and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) as the main explosive.Then the explosive ink direct writing technology was used to charge the micro-sized energetic devices,the curing mechanism of the explosive ink was discussed,and the microstructure,safety performance and explosive transfer performance of the explosive ink molded samples were tested and analyzed.Results indicate that the composite material has a fast curing molding speed,its hardness can reach 2H within 8 min.The crystal form of CL-20 in the molded sample is still ε type.The CL-20 based W-curing explosive ink formulation has good compatibility,its apparent activation energy is increased by about 3.5 kJ/mol.The composite presents a significant reduction in impact sensitivity and its characteristic drop height can reach 39.8 cm,which is about 3 times higher than the raw material.When the line width of charge is 1.0 mm,the critical thickness of the explosion can reach 0.015 mm,and the explosion velocity is 7129 m/s when the charge density is 1.612 g/cm3.     

Prediction of concentration of toxic gases produced by detonation of commercial explosives by thermochemical equilibrium calculations

An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters, such as volume of blasting chamber, explosive charge mass and design, confinement characteristics, surrounding atmosphere, etc. That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models: ideal detonation model and deflagration model. It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases. It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges, while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.     

爆炸沸腾研究进展

分析讨论了液体过热极限、汽泡内压力等爆炸沸腾的重要参数 ,综述了三种主要实验方法 ,提出了有待进一步研究的问题 .