单个球形装药浅层水中爆炸的试验研究

装药浅层水中爆炸研究是一个分复杂的问题。本文支用爆炸相似律对浅层水中爆炸冲击波参数进行了分析,并测试了水中冲以压力值。根据试验结果,本文对空间流场压力分布进行了分析并建立了模型进行了试验范围内冲击波压力的经验公式。     

钢—混凝土复合爆炸容器内爆响应数值模拟

应用动力有限元方法模拟了轴对称椭球顶圆柱密闭式抗爆容器内部爆炸流场,并对钢衬-混凝土复合容器壁的应力应变响应进行了数值模拟分析.分析结果显示:钢衬层应力波动的低、高频两部分分别起因于压力波的反复作用及钢衬结构的本征振动,二次波对容器顶部的作用很重要,并由此对混凝土的塑性及损伤的时空分布产生重要影响.数值模拟结果与实验结果一致.     

基于遗传算法的模糊分类及其应用

本文建立了一种区域性距离上基于遗传算法的模糊识别爆炸与地震的方法。以纵波,波最大振幅比,横波最大周期,近震震级与近震持续时间震级比作为鉴别量。此方法对河北样本和山西样本进行了识别,山西样本的正确识别率达９５．６％,河北样本的正确识别率在１００％。此方法优于神经网络方法。     

近壁面水下爆炸冲击波载荷参数研究

水下爆炸过程中结构会受到冲击波载荷的作用同,同时结构也会对冲击波栽荷产生反作用.为了解结构对冲击波参数的影响规律,从牛顿第二定律出发,推导了冲击波压力、正压作用时间和比冲量与板厚之间的关系.为验证计算方法的正确性,设计了验证性试验,试验证实计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.计算表明:冲击波载荷参数主要受到板厚的影响,板厚越厚...     

地面化学爆炸声源定向器

从仿生学角度以理论和实践相结合的方法,讨论了地面化学爆炸声源定时定向的技术问题。该技术可用于定位和自动实时标图。     

封闭式爆炸容器小药量爆炸振动效应研究

为评估炸药在封闭容器内爆炸产生的振动效应对周围环境的影响,对封闭式爆炸容器小药量TNT炸药爆炸产生的爆炸振动效应进行了爆源邻近实地监测和测试。结果表明:小药量炸药爆炸引起的爆炸振动效应对距爆源100 m以外的普通砖结构民用住宅产生的速度强度远低于其临界峰值速度,不会对其结构产生明显影响。     

球面冲击波作用下船体梁运动响应特性

将船舶结构简化为刚塑性等截面船体梁,以炸药在船体梁中部正下方爆炸工况为研究对象,提出了一种计算船体梁在近场爆炸冲击波作用下发生整体运动响应的理论方法。根据冲击强度的不同,将整体运动划分为刚体运动和塑性运动,分别建立了相应的运动理论模型,并进一步分析了两种运动形式的一般特性。结果表明:船体梁发生刚体运动时,结构的整体运动速度和位移随着时间的增加而非线性增大,但运动幅值较小;船体梁进入塑性运动后,其运动过程可看作是正向刚体上升过程中叠加了一个反向塑性变形过程,且梁中部以反向变形损伤为主。     

舰船局部结构在水下爆炸气泡载荷作用下的塑性变形分析

在水下爆炸载荷作用下的舰船局部结构塑性变形计算中,往往只考虑冲击波载荷的影响而忽略气泡载荷的影响。为研究气泡载荷在舰船局部结构塑性变形中所占的比例,利用通用有限元软件Abaqus,对舰船局部结构典型形式加筋板模型在水下爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应进行了数值仿真。其中,载荷计算采用了Geers-Hunter模型,材料本构采用了Johnson-Cook模型。分析仿真结果发现,模型中点变形挠度明显分为两个阶段,很容易区分冲击波载荷引起的变形和气泡载荷引起的变形。将最终变形挠度仿真计算结果与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。计算结果表明:由气泡载荷引起的加筋板塑性变形挠度超过总变形挠度的30%,所以在计算中气泡载荷的影响不容忽视。     

爆炸复合接头剪切强度测试方法研究

参照正交各向异性层压复合板层间剪切强度的测试方法,提出了用于测试爆炸复合接头复合界面剪切强度的3种方法;并建立三维有限元模型,分别对3种测试方法进行模拟;最后分别对3种方法进行了测试试验.结果表明,3种试验方法均能有效测试爆炸复合接头的剪切强度,其中对称试件双切口拉伸法最适合实际应用.     

不同边界条件下水下爆炸气泡的数值模拟

采用有限元程序MSC.Dytran对不同边界条件下水下爆炸气泡的脉动过程进行了数值模拟。对数值模拟中的一些重要问题,如炸药药包的建模、网格密度、状态方程和静压力场的设定等问题进行了探讨。对无限水域中的水下爆炸气泡以及自由面边界、水平刚性面边界和垂直刚性面边界三种边界条件下的水下爆炸气泡进行了数值模拟,分析了水下爆炸气泡的半径、外形变化、气泡脉动压力、流场中的速度分布,结果发现边界的存在对气泡外形的影响较大,刚性边界面会使气泡脉动压力增大较多,而自由面边界对气泡脉动压力的影响较小。将数值模拟的结果与理论模型、经验公式和试验结果进行了比较分析,结果吻合较好。     

圆柱壳在水下爆炸载荷作用下的抗冲击性模拟

利用LS-DYNA动力有限元程序对张效慈等人做的深水爆炸水动压力场对潜体结构的动态响应试验进行数值模拟，其模拟结果与实际具有较好的一致性；同时模拟了不同厚度圆柱壳在不同质量炸药爆炸情况下所表现的抗冲击性，为提高潜艇的抗冲击性提供参考。     

气泡输运方程及其应用

舰船尾流中含有大量的不同直径的气泡 ,尾流的几何特性与产生它的舰船大小、航行速度、海面风速等因素有很大的关系 ,对气泡规律的研究无论在理论还是在应用中都具有重要的意义。介绍了水中气泡分布函数 ,推导了分布函数所满足的输运方程 ,并给出了气泡输运方程的特征解。对影响分布函数的因素作了探讨 ,并利用输运方程对具体问题进行了计算。结果表明 ,运用气泡输运方程可解决气泡的分布、输运问题 ,并可对气泡分布与气泡半径、气泡所处深度的关系作出定量分析     

Performances and direct writing of CL-20 based ultraviolet curing explosive ink

A new type of explosive ink formulation that can be quickly cured was prepared with unsaturated polyester as binder,styrene as active monomer,2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide as photoinitiator,and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) as the main explosive.Then the explosive ink direct writing technology was used to charge the micro-sized energetic devices,the curing mechanism of the explosive ink was discussed,and the microstructure,safety performance and explosive transfer performance of the explosive ink molded samples were tested and analyzed.Results indicate that the composite material has a fast curing molding speed,its hardness can reach 2H within 8 min.The crystal form of CL-20 in the molded sample is still ε type.The CL-20 based W-curing explosive ink formulation has good compatibility,its apparent activation energy is increased by about 3.5 kJ/mol.The composite presents a significant reduction in impact sensitivity and its characteristic drop height can reach 39.8 cm,which is about 3 times higher than the raw material.When the line width of charge is 1.0 mm,the critical thickness of the explosion can reach 0.015 mm,and the explosion velocity is 7129 m/s when the charge density is 1.612 g/cm3.     

超急速温升下丙酮液池的温度场计算

通过实验和数值模拟计算 ,研究了瞬时、强热流极端条件下铂薄膜表面覆盖和不覆盖细小金属颗粒时丙酮液体和金属颗粒温度场分布及其变化规律 .确定了温升速率、温度梯度和温度边界层厚度 ,发现了常规沸腾难以解释的现象 ,并指出覆盖金属颗粒后虽然沸腾极为激烈 ,但难以达到极高的温升速率 ,而不覆盖金属颗粒却容易产生爆发沸腾     

舰船静置爆炸气泡时总纵强度计算方法研究

新型"大气泡能"概念武器在水下爆炸能产生大气泡,对船体总纵强度造成很大影响,有可能使舰体发生纵向折断或倾覆。为研究这种作用,建立了舰船静置爆炸气泡时总纵弯曲强度的理论计算方法。采用静置爆炸气泡的假设,将气泡产生的浮力损失和压力差转化为等效载荷,计算气泡作用后船体的总纵弯矩和剪力并进行强度校核。以某舰艇为例进行计算,结果表明,爆炸气泡作用下船体的剪力和弯矩比静浮状态增大很多,船体发生纵向折断破坏的危险性也随之增大。     

Research on the fracture behavior of PBX under static tension

The fracture behavior of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) seriously affects the safety and reliability of weapon system. The effects of interface debonding and initial meso-damage on the fracture behavior of PBX under quasi-static tension are studied using numerical method. A two-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) is established based on Voronoi model in which the component contents could be regulated and the particles are randomly distributed. A nonlinear damage model of polymer matrix relative to matrix depth between particles is constructed. The results show that the simulated strain-stress relation is coincident with experiment data. It is found that interface debonding leads to the nucleation and propagation of meso-cracks, and a main crack approximately perpendicular to the loading direction is generated finally. The interface debonding tends to occur in the interface perpendicular to the loading direction. There seems to be a phenomenon that strain softening and hardening alternatively appear around peak stress of stress and strain curve. It is shown that the initial damages of intragranular and interfacial cracks both decrease the modulus and failure stress, and the main crack tends to propagate toward the initial meso-cracks.     

Investigation on energy output structure of explosives near-ground explosion

In order to give the energy output structure of typical explosives near-ground explosion in real ground conditions, the free-field shockwave, ground reflection shockwave and Mach wave overpressure time history of composition B explosive, RDX explosive and aluminized explosive were measured by air pressure sensors and ground pressure sensors. The shape of the free-field shock wave, ground reflection shock wave, and Mach wave and explosion flame were captured by high-speed camera. The experimental results show that, at the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of explosive shock wave of composition B explosive, both in the air and on the ground, is less than that of RDX and aluminized explosives. At a distance of 3.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is slightly less than that of RDX explosives. Owing to the exothermic effect of aluminum powder, the pressure drop of aluminized explosives is slower than that of RDX explosives. At 5.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is larger than that of RDX explosives. At the same position from the initiation point, among the three kinds of explosives, the impulse of aluminized explosives is the maximum and the impulse of composition B explosives is the minimum. With the increase of the horizontal distance from the initiation point, the height of Mach triple-points (Mach steam) of the three explosives increases gradually. At the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, there is poorly difference in the height of Mach triple-points between aluminized explosive and RDX explosive, and the height of Mach triple-points of composition B explosive is much smaller than that of other two explosives. The maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by aluminized explosives are the largest, followed by composition B explosive, and the maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by RDX explosive are the smallest.     

Prediction of concentration of toxic gases produced by detonation of commercial explosives by thermochemical equilibrium calculations

An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters, such as volume of blasting chamber, explosive charge mass and design, confinement characteristics, surrounding atmosphere, etc. That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models: ideal detonation model and deflagration model. It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases. It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges, while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.     

圆柱形容器爆炸焊接数值模拟与实验

针对深空探测采样容器的特殊要求,进行爆炸焊接严实密封技术研究。利用非线性动力学软件进行铝质柱形容器爆炸焊接数值模拟,得到各种焊接初始参数的影响规律,确定较佳焊接初始参数及容器结构尺寸,并进行实验验证。实验结果表明:外盖角度为7°时,1mm壁厚外盖配4mm壁厚内圆柱或2mm壁厚外盖配6mm壁厚内圆柱,配以较合适炸药厚度,密实焊接效果较理想。研究结果为深空探测采样容器结构设计提供了较好的参考。