一种智能化的红外弱小目标检测方法

针对复杂背景下的远距离红外弱小目标检测问题,提出了一种基于自适应结构元素形态学和BP神经网络的智能化检测方法。该方法首先将图像按一定大小分成子图像,通过统计子图像的特征确定候选目标区域,然后基于自适应结构元素的灰度形态学顶帽变换,实现红外空中复杂背景的抑制并突出待检测的小目标。接下来,以像素的灰度、水平、垂直和对角梯度、邻域均值和方差6个特征为输入量,构造三层BP神经网络,最终实现红外复杂背景下的弱小目标检测。仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以实现对红外复杂背景的有效抑制,稳定准确地检测出信噪比大于2的红外弱小目标。     

焦平面红外弱小目标检测新算法

针对焦平面红外图像中运动弱小点目标的检测问题,基于形态学滤波器和模糊决策融合构建了一种新的弱小目标检测算法。针对单帧检测,基于目标在实测红外图像上所呈现的凸包结构特点,设计了圆形形态学滤波器结构,并引入神经网络进行圆形形态学滤波器结构元素优化设计。同时在多帧关联检测的基础上,引入决策融合概念,基于贝叶斯最小风险准则建立了基于模糊决策融合的序列关联检测方法。实测数据的处理结果表明:针对低信噪比图像(SNR≈2),在虚警概率≤1%情况下,新算法对复杂红外弱小目标图像检测概率≥98%,有效地提高了检测算法的性能。     

模糊方向神经网络在火箭发动机故障检测与分离中的应用

提出了一种模糊方向神经网络分类器,并应用于液体推进剂火箭发动机故障检测与分离。模糊方向神经网络采用模糊集表示发动机故障模式,模糊集是方向超体聚集形成的集合体,方向超体则由单位方向、夹角和两个半径确定。模糊方向神经网络能在一次循环学习中形成非线性方向边界。故障检测与分离的仿真研究表明：模糊方向神经网络的识别性能是比较优越的。     

基于神经网络模糊融合技术的潜艇声纳目标识别系统

将神经网络和属性层模糊数据融合技术应用于潜艇水下目标识别是解决潜艇声纳目标识别问题的有效途径。本文建立了声纳目标识别系统的结构模型和算法模型,设计了一个基于神经网络属性层模糊数据融合的目标识别系统,研究了将噪声信号功率谱和双谱用于目标识别,并进行了仿真,验证了该系统的可行性和有效性。     

基于模糊神经网络的陀螺温控系统故障诊断

针对故障诊断知识具有模糊性的特点,在基本前向神经网络的基础上,提出了一种适用于挠性陀螺温控系统的串形结构多层前向模糊神经网络(FNN)的故障诊断方法,并给出了网络的结构和学习方法。仿真结果表明,将模糊理论和神经网络方法结合在一起,可以准确地对陀螺温控系统进行故障诊断,证明了该方法行之有效。     

基于评价指标模糊集的复杂系统效能评估方法研究*

提出了一种基于评价指标模糊集的复杂系统效能评估方法。该方法利用系统评价指标的模糊性构造模糊集,以模糊集贴近度来定义评价指标的模糊隶属度函数,结合模糊层次分析法,提出了一种适用于复杂系统功能与多层评估指标体系的效能评估新方法。仿真应用的结果表明:该方法行之有效,具有较好的实用前景。     

舰艇系统损伤等级模糊神经网络评估模型

在对舰艇系统损伤等级评估体系分析的基础上,建立了舰艇系统损伤等级的模糊神经网络评估模型框架.设计了框架项层模糊神经网络评估模型的模糊集合和训练样本,并对此模糊神经网络模型进行了训练.通过测试样本仿真,发现此模糊神经网络模型具有较好的评估精度.基于模糊神经网络模型的舰艇系统损伤等级评估方法克服了以往简单加权评估模型的不合理性,为舰艇系统损伤等级评估提出了一个新的评估理念.     

多值直觉模糊熵及其应用

给出了多值直觉模糊熵的计算方法,并揭示了多值直觉模糊熵的若干重要性质,通过求解一个雷达目标识别的实例更清晰地表述多值直觉模糊集的优势或特点。实践表明,多值直觉模糊集是对直觉模糊集一种有效扩展,这种扩展有助于对实际问题进行描述和求解。     

基于不变矩和神经网络的目标识别方法

针对寻的导引头成像制导中实时采集图像由于存在几何失真及像质模糊而导致目标识别精度差的问题,提出了一种基于不变矩和神经网络的目标识别方法.该方法采用一种改进的不变矩算法提取目标图像的不变矩特征量来训练BP神经网络,实现目标图像的识别和分类.仿真结果表明该不变矩特征库训练的神经网络分类器具有较高的识别精度,是一种比较实用的目标识别方法.     

基于神经网络的模糊理论在桥梁状态评估中的应用

探讨了模糊数学中的隶属函数在桥梁技术等级状态评估中的应用.在研究现有桥梁状态评估方法的基础上,把人工神经网络和模糊数学理论结合起来应用于大跨度预应力斜拉桥的等级状态评估,建立了基于三层神经元的模糊神经网络模型,并建立结构损伤度函数及等级隶属度模型,通过样本学习训练,获取评估专家的知识及直觉思维,最终确定桥梁所对应的技术状态等级.以检测的480组索力数据作为学习样本,另外4组作为验证样本进行了索力状态评估预测.计算结果表明,网络预测值与期望值吻合良好.     

An infrared target intrusion detection method based on feature fusion and enhancement

Infrared target intrusion detection has significant applications in the fields of military defence and intelligent warning. In view of the characteristics of intrusion targets as well as inspection difficulties, an infrared target intrusion detection algorithm based on feature fusion and enhancement was proposed. This algorithm combines static target mode analysis and dynamic multi-frame correlation detection to extract infrared target features at different levels. Among them, LBP texture analysis can be used to effectively identify the posterior feature patterns which have been contained in the target library, while motion frame difference method can detect the moving regions of the image, improve the integrity of target regions such as camouflage, sheltering and deformation. In order to integrate the advantages of the two methods, the enhanced convolutional neural network was designed and the feature images obtained by the two methods were fused and enhanced. The enhancement module of the network strengthened and screened the targets, and realized the background suppression of infrared images. Based on the experiments, the effect of the proposed method and the comparison method on the background suppression and detection performance was evaluated, and the results showed that the SCRG and BSF values of the method in this paper had a better performance in multiple data sets, and it’s detection performance was far better than the comparison algorithm. The experiment results indicated that, compared with traditional infrared target detection methods, the proposed method could detect the infrared invasion target more accurately, and suppress the background noise more effectively.     

Arbitrary-oriented target detection in large scene sar images

Target detection in the field of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has attracted considerable attention of researchers in national defense technology worldwide, owing to its unique advantages like high resolution and large scene image acquisition capabilities of SAR. However, due to strong speckle noise and low signal-to-noise ratio, it is difficult to extract representative features of target from SAR images, which greatly inhibits the effectiveness of traditional methods. In order to address the above problems, a framework called contextual rotation region-based convolutional neural network (RCNN) with multilayer fusion is proposed in this paper. Specifically, aimed to enable RCNN to perform target detection in large scene SAR images efficiently, maximum sliding strategy is applied to crop the large scene image into a series of sub-images before RCNN. Instead of using the highest-layer output for proposal generation and target detection, fusion feature maps with high resolution and rich semantic information are constructed by multilayer fusion strategy. Then, we put forwards rotation anchors to predict the minimum circumscribed rectangle of targets to reduce redundant detection region. Furthermore, shadow areas serve as contextual features to provide extraneous information for the detector identify and locate targets accurately. Experimental results on the simulated large scene SAR image dataset show that the proposed method achieves a satisfactory performance in large scene SAR target detection.     

3D laser scanning strategy based on cascaded deep neural network

A 3D laser scanning strategy based on cascaded deep neural network is proposed for the scanning system converted from 2D Lidar with a pitching motion device. The strategy is aimed at moving target detection and monitoring. Combining the device characteristics, the strategy first proposes a cascaded deep neural network, which inputs 2D point cloud, color image and pitching angle. The outputs are target distance and speed classification. And the cross-entropy loss function of network is modified by using focal loss and uniform distribution to improve the recognition accuracy. Then a pitching range and speed model are proposed to determine pitching motion parameters. Finally, the adaptive scanning is realized by integral separate speed PID. The experimental results show that the accuracies of the improved network target detection box, distance and speed classification are 90.17%, 96.87% and 96.97%, respectively. The average speed error of the improved PID is 0.4239°/s, and the average strategy execution time is 0.1521 s. The range and speed model can effectively reduce the collection of useless information and the deformation of the target point cloud. Conclusively, the experimental of overall scanning strategy show that it can improve target point cloud integrity and density while ensuring the capture of target.     

基于多级神经网络的类型融合

研究了基于多级神经网络的类型融合方法。这种多级神经网络分为传感器子网和融合子网两部分。传感器子网是一种基于专家规则的模糊神经网络,根据专家规则确定网络结构,网络节点和传递函数都有明确的意义,避免了普通神经网络层数和隐层节点数难以确定的缺点。经过训练的传感器子网能够实现各目标类型的置信度分配,然后用融合子网对多个传感器子网输出结果进行融合,得到目标类型的最终判决。在融合子网中,加入了各传感器的可信度,使融合结果更可靠。仿真结果表明,此方法鲁棒性强,识别率高。     

联合生成对抗网络和检测网络的SAR图像目标检测

针对合成孔径雷达图像目标检测中存在的样本获取困难且数量有限问题,提出了联合生成对抗网络和检测网络的学习模型。利用原始训练集对特别设计的超快区域卷积神经网络进行预训练;再通过基于注意力机制的深度学习生成对抗网络生成高质量合成样本,并输入检测网络进行预测;依据预测信息和概率等价类属标签分配策略为新生样本提供注释信息,并以一定占比对原始训练集进行扩充;利用扩充数据集对检测网络进行再训练。多组仿真实验证明,所提框架能够有效提升网络检测效率和性能。     

一种基于神经网络的彩色图像分割方法

提出了适于彩色图像分割的加强型径向基函数网络方法,采用在线自适应聚类学习算法确定隐层节点的数目、激活函数中心值;通过Hebb学习算法迅速将隐层节点中心值分为目标颜色聚类中心和背景颜色聚类中心两类;输出层用竞争规则将目标与背景分开。通过对多幅彩色图像进行分割处理验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于神经网络的液体火箭发动机故障检测系统

提出和建立了一种用于液体火箭发动机（ＬＲＥ）故障检测的神经网络系统,这种系统包括两层：第一层由ＷＴＡ（Ｗｉｎｎｅｒ－Ｔａｋｅ－Ａｌｌ）神经网络组成,ＷＴＡ网络用于检测发动机故障输出模式;第二层由ＢＰ（Ｂａｃｋ－ｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎ）神经网络组成,ＢＰ网络利用第一层次的输出结果作为输入显示故障大小。文中对ＬＲＥ故障检测进行了数值仿真,仿真结果验证了神经网络故障检测系统的优越性能。     

混沌时间序列中弱信号的检测

介绍了混沌的基本特性,利用混沌时间序列对RBF神经网络进行训练,则训练好的神经网络对混沌序列未来时刻的值具有一定的预测能力.若混沌序列中包含有目标信号,则其混沌特性将受到影响,导致神经网络对其预测误差的增大.这样可根据预测误差对淹没在混沌杂波及混沌杂波加一定强度的白噪声中的弱目标信号进行检测.仿真结果表明这种方法优于传统的目标检测方法,有着较好的杂波抑制能力.     

基于支持向量机的威胁判断模型

目标威胁判断是防空作战中一项重要内容,在建立目标威胁模型时,首先要挑选特征参数,分析了影响威胁度的若干因素.这里采用Rough理论中知识约简方法选择目标的特征参数;支持向量机是一类新型机器学习方法,由于其出色的学习能力,该技术已成为当前国际机器学习界的研究热点,利用支持向量机建立了威胁判断模型,给出了实例和解决此问题的支持向量机源程序.通过实例与神经网络法的结果进行了比较,结果表明支持向量机比较精确和简单.     

基于滤波与BP神经网络的水下探测信号检测算法

针对水下探测系统探测船舶磁场信号时信噪比较低的问题,首先根据磁异常信号的频域特征,设计了约束最小二乘FIR滤波器,通过对含噪信号进行带通滤波,滤除高频噪声;再采用BP神经网络对低频分量进行学习,提取船舶目标特征信号。将该算法应用于船模实测实验,结果表明:该算法可以显著提高信噪比,增强对船舶磁场信号的检测能力。