某型运载火箭1/5动力学缩比模型设计

缩比模型试验是获取大型运载火箭动特性的一种有效途径,其中一项重要内容是动力学缩比模型设计。本文以某型运载火箭为原型对象,首先根据其结构组成分别推导各部件的相似关系;然后,利用横向刚度和质量相似系数保持一致性,联立形成了运载火箭横向动特性相似关系;同时,考虑实际加工制造条件,分析了横向刚度和质量相似系数的约束;最后,根据上述相似关系和相似系数约束设计了1/5缩比模型,并对该缩比模型的动特性相似进行了有限元数值计算验证。验证结果表明,设计所得1/5缩比模型在动特性方面与原型具有较高的相似性,相关方法能够有效应用于运载火箭的动力学缩比模型设计。     

大型复合材料空间刚架缩比模型设计方法

缩比模型试验是获取大型复合材料空间刚架力学特性或响应的一种有效途径,其中一项重要内容是缩比模型设计。以大型复合材料空间刚架为研究对象,阐述已有传统方法的局限性;基于离散相似提出结合有限元方法的方程分析法,利用该方法推导大型复合材料空间刚架静力学响应和动特性的相似关系;利用所提方法设计某复合材料龙骨的1/5缩比模型,并通过试验进行验证。验证结果表明,所提方法和推导的相似关系能够用于指导大型复合材料空间刚架的缩比模型试验。     

万向铰传动旋转轴的横向振动特性分析与仿真

为进一步考察万向铰传动旋转轴的动力学特性,利用欧拉方程推导出由万向铰运动约束描述的旋转轴系横向振动模型。通过模型求解得出该系统可能存在的多种共振模式,对从动轴横向振动的超谐波共振、主共振进行稳定性分析,并对其振动响应进行数值仿真分析,验证了稳定性理论分析结果的正确性。研究表明:系统超谐波共振及主共振的稳定性条件与支撑轴承安装位置、从动轴转动惯量、输入扭矩、轴承弹簧刚度以及阻尼等因素有关;加大轴承距万向铰中心的距离、增加轴承弹簧刚度与阻尼系数等,均可导致超谐波共振或主共振的非稳定区扩大;系统在对应中心频率附近容易发生共振。     

平流层飞艇气动特性相似缩比分析与风洞试验

阐述了平流层飞艇气动特性天地相似缩比分析设计方法,给出了刚体模型与柔性体模型完成风洞试验需满足的相似准则数,并指导完成两类缩比模型研制及风洞试验。通过对两类缩比模型风洞试验数据的分析,发现平流层飞艇不同充气内压下气动特性规律基本一致,但较刚体模型有明显的差异;柔性特征下的气动阻力系数明显高于刚体,在零攻角状态下甚至高出一倍,引发滚转气动力矩特性出现稳定与发散的本质变化。这对平流层飞艇特别是低压保形下的柔性气动特性评估,克服现有采用刚体气动特性数据或工程估算方法进行“动阻平衡”飞艇总体设计存在较大偏差的弊端,具有重要工程应用价值。     

弹簧-电磁力准零刚度隔振器研究

为了更有效地抑制振动,首先将电磁力弹簧与垂直正刚度弹簧并联,设计了具有高静刚度-低动刚度特性的弹簧-电磁力准零刚度隔振器;然后,分析了该隔振器的力学特性,给出了达到准零特性各参数应满足的条件。最后,建立了准零刚度隔振器承载质量和施加简谐激励力时系统的非线性动力学方程,并利用平均法分析了系统的动力学特性。研究结果表明:适当地控制外界激励幅值、通电电流或者增大系统的阻尼系数,可使系统处于不同周期振动状态,并能有效地抑制系统振幅。     

地基-地下结构系统动力离心模型试验相似设计方法研究

对于振动模型试验,相似关系设计是很重要的环节,在试验前期关系到模型尺寸的大小与材料的选取,在试验结束后则关系到试验数据的处理.基于 Bockingham π定理,采用量纲分析法对土-结构动力相互作用的离心机振动台试验进行了模型相似关系设计.在模型相似设计中,主要考虑的因素为模型试验应能较好地模拟原型中土-结构之间的相互作用,因此相似关系设计的控制因素即为土与结构之间的相对刚度应尽可能与原型保持一致,同时综合考虑了模型材料的性质、模型制作的难易、模型箱边界的影响与仪器设备的实际性能等因素.在相似方案确定的基础上,结构模型的尺寸与制作材料也随之确定.相似方案的确定对离心机振动台试验的进行具有重要的影响,研究成果对相关离心机振动台试验的模型设计具有一定的参考作用.     

基于FLUENT的适配器空泡流水动特性仿真

基于FLUENT软件,针对适配器空泡流的水洞实验展开建模仿真研究,建立了适配器和弹体缩比模型;对2种工况下一定张角的适配器空泡流水动特性进行了数值模拟;对结果进行了分析并与水洞实验进行了比较。结果验证了空泡理论同时为适配器空泡流水动特性仿真以及结构设计提供借鉴和参考。     

考虑刚度影响的双输入转矩分流式齿轮系统均载特性

为了对转矩分流齿轮系统均载特性进行更加深入的研究,建立系统非线性动力学模型,采用数值仿真方法计算系统的均载系数,分析联动轴扭转刚度、输出轴支撑刚度、输入转速以及轴位角对均载系数的影响规律,并对齿轮系统进行实验研究。研究结果表明:输出端的均载系数大于输入端的均载系数,高压输入端的均载系数大于低压输入端的均载系数;均载系数随联动轴扭转刚度的增加而增加,随支撑刚度的增加先减小后平缓;在不同转速下均载系数呈现波动变化,在4 100 ~ 4 400 r/min输入转速区间出现了谐振峰;轴位角a₂的值会影响均载系数随a₁变化的规律,尽可能减小轴位角可以提高系统的均载性能。通过实验测试验证了本文分析模型的正确性。     

液体推进剂消耗对大型卫星结构动特性的影响分析

为了研究液体推进剂消耗对某大型卫星结构动特性的影响,采用简化的“弹簧-质量”模型分析了推进剂消耗对结构动特性的影响趋势;基于MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN给出了动力学分析过程中液体推进剂的等效建模和分析方法,包括梁单元法、附加质量法、“RBE3 -质量点”单元法和虚拟质量法等;建立了该卫星结构的有限元模型,进行了结构动力学特性和动响应分析,讨论了液体推进剂消耗对其动特性的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着推进剂的消耗,卫星整体振型的固有频率逐渐增大,而部分局部振型的固有频率保持不变;随着推进剂的消耗,卫星仪器安装板动力学响应峰值逐渐增大,所对应的频率也逐渐增大.     

海上补给高架索多柔体动力学模型

针对现有的高架索多体动力学模型无法模拟高架索在外部扭矩作用下产生的弯曲和扭转变形的力学特性问题,在现有模型的基础上,利用浮动坐标系和平移模态矢量阵理论将绳索单元柔性化,建立了高架索多柔体动力学模型,并用该模型对海上航行横向干货补给装置中的高架索进行了模拟和仿真。仿真结果表明:高架索多柔体动力学模型可以模拟海上补给高架索的横向高频振荡、轴向动张力振动、弹性性能三大动力学特性。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.