用于无人机着陆的图像处理算法

随着无人机着陆图像处理算法的不断研究和发展,在分析小波变换对噪声和边缘点的影响规律的基础上,结合多尺度乘积的特性,采用了一种基于小波变换的多尺度积的边缘检测新算法.通过边缘检测实验并和其他算法作比较,该算法能有效抑制噪声,获得清晰丰富的边缘且定位精度高,为进一步的无人机着陆图像处理提供一个很好的工具.     

一种基于小波变换的X线图像边缘检测算法

在小波变换的基础上探讨出一种用于X线图像边缘检测的新算法,能够对X线图像进行边缘检测和分割。通过预处理（去噪,增强）、小波变换实现了图像的二值化。采用新算法及传统方法对X线图像进行边缘提取,并对结果进行比较。实验证明该新算法快速、精确、抗噪能力强。     

基于多尺度形态学操作的超声图像增强方法

针对医学超声图像低对比度和强噪声给医疗诊断和图像处理所带来的困难,通过基于多尺度形态学操作的方法实现图像增强和噪声抑制的目的.该方法将传统的图像增强概念延伸到数学形态学多尺度空间中,利用多尺度形态学操作提取图像多尺度特征,并通过改变这些特征的强度实现图像局部对比度增强和噪声抑制.实验证明,该方法对超声图像局部对比度增强和噪声抑制是有效的.     

基于高阶曲面拟合的边缘检测算法研究

图像的边缘检测是图像分析领域十分重要的基础,在工程应用中占有很重要的地位.提出了一种基于高阶曲面拟合的边缘检测算法.算法首先利用自适应滤波对图像进行了去噪处理,接着通过曲面拟合获取图像的梯度信息,最后用统计方法进行了阈值选取.实验证明该算法得到的边缘图像相对简单,边缘点较少,有利于识别,同时该检测算法也为后续的图像分析、图像理解打下了良好的基础.     

基于混合型扩散的无人机航拍图像去噪模型

针对彩色无人机航拍图像处理起来复杂且噪声方差未知的问题,提出一种混合型扩散偏微分方程图像去噪模型。该模型采取对图像高频子带去除边缘区域的方法来准确估计噪声方差,将彩色图像的色彩空间转换为色调、亮度和饱和度3个分量,并用混合型扩散偏微分方程进行去噪处理,再把处理后的3个分量合成彩色图像。其中,混合型扩散偏微分方程是通过将全变分模型和四阶模型进行加权,并对其中的扩散系数进行改进后得到的。仿真结果表明,提出的模型和传统的去噪方法相比,峰值信噪比平均提高了近1.4 dB,并且在有效去噪的同时很好地保留了无人机航拍图像的边缘和纹理细节信息。     

具有分流型抑制机制的视网膜细胞神经网络模型及其应用

视觉细胞之间存在的侧抑制机制能够对接收到的视觉信息进行选择性的提取。运用数学方法模拟视觉细胞之间存在的这种生理机制,提出了一种具有分流型抑制机制的视网膜细胞神经网络模型(SIRCNN),分析了该模型的稳定性,给出了等价电路图,并且基于此模型提出了一种边缘检测算法。将该算法应用于图像边缘检测中,试验结果表明,这种以生物视觉感知机理为基础的神经计算方法可有效地增强图像反差,检测图像边缘。由于细胞神经网络具有高速并行运算、便于硬件实现等特点,因此这种方法在图像实时处理中也具有很大的潜力和应用前景。     

一种新的红外图像目标检测方法

提出了一种新的海空背景下受强杂波、噪声污染的红外图像目标检测算法,算法利用了小波变换的多分辨率、多尺度特性,将要检测的图像分解到不同频率的多个尺度上,再采用形态学的背景估计和形态滤波技术,对分解后的子图像进行处理、小波重构。仿真实验表明,该算法可较强地抑制云层、海浪以及海天线的强杂波背景和强噪声的干扰,可检测出信杂比(SCR)为2的目标,适用于舰载红外警戒系统。     

用于机动目标跟踪的自适应交互式多模型算法

针对当前统计模型对弱机动或非机动目标跟踪效果不理想等问题,提出了一种修正当前统计模型与匀速模型的自适应交互式多模型算法,可在线修正当前统计模型的加速度极限值,调整过程噪声方差,提高了当前统计模型的自适应性。同时,通过在常规匀速模型中引入机动检测机制,抑制了常规匀速模型对机动目标跟踪的滤波发散,通过引入强跟踪算法,增强了模型对目标突发机动的自适应跟踪能力。仿真结果表明,该算法充分发挥了当前统计模型和交互式多模型算法的优势,对强机动和弱机动目标都具有很好的效果。     

一种PCNN和边缘检测协同的SAR图像分割算法

针对高分辨率SAR(synthetic aperture radar)图像目标复杂,且具有严重的相干斑噪声,灰度出现剧烈起伏导致目标边缘模糊难以实现精准分割的问题,提出了一种分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,Fr FT)域中里兹分数导数(Riesz fractional derivative,RFD)边缘检测和脉冲耦合神经网络(pulse coupled neural network,PCNN)协同的高分辨率SAR图像分割算法。该算法首先将原始图像经过边缘检测处理以保留较好的边缘信息,再由PCNN模型进行图像分割,最后通过形态学进一步去除相干斑点。将所提算法应用到不同区域的高分辨SAR图像分割中,实验结果表明该方法能够有效抑制相干斑噪声和灰度边界模糊的影响,获得精准的分割效果。     

基于多尺度小波变换的二维图像角点检测技术

提出一种基于多尺度小波变换的二维图像角点检测算法。首先利用二维零交叉边缘检测算子对图像进行边缘提取得到二值边缘图，通过基于边素（边过程）的围线跟踪算法得到图像的边缘围线。对边缘围线的方向曲线进行多尺度小波变换，利用变换结果的局部最大值信息检测和定位出图像角点。仿真结果表明该算法可有效地实现二维图像的角点检测与定位，具有较高的精度     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.