解命中算法探讨

本文阐述了一些火控系统解命中的算法,针对实际工程中所用算法存在的问题,做了一些研究工作,提出了一种用于解命中的新算法——新的改进弦截法(下称新弦法)。对于当前火控计算机中普遍采用的射表逼近迭代计算射击诸元的算法,在收敛速度与收敛区域上作了较详细的比较与验算,得到了一些有价值的结论。新弦法具有收敛速度快、收敛解可靠(是最小解)等优点。将此法应用于解命中问题是切实可行的。     

一种基于混沌粒子群改进的果蝇优化算法

针对基本果蝇算法在优化过程中收敛速度慢,无法解决复杂的优化问题,引入混沌搜索和粒子群算法(PSO)来修正基本果蝇算法(FOA)。利用混沌搜索初始化果蝇群位置,提高了初始解的随机性和遍历性,从而提高FOA初始种群的多样性;引入PSO算法以减少最优解更新过程中的盲目搜索;选取5种不同的非线性函数作为测试函数,并将改进后的果蝇算法(IFOA)与其他算法相比较,实验结果表明,IFOA的鲁棒性较强,且收敛速度与收敛精度有了明显的提高。     

指挥信息系统非线性最优化问题的混沌搜索解法

指挥信息系统进行辅助决策很多情况下是一个求解最优化问题的过程,指挥信息系统遇到的很多问题具有非线性,同时指挥信息系统对算法的适应性和收敛速度要求相当严格。对此,普通的优化技术只能求出局部最优解。基于混沌搜索技术的计算智能具有全局搜索能力强、算法简洁、计算量小、收敛速度快的特点,成为一种求解非线性最优化问题全局最优的有效方法。算例表明,当搜索次数达到一定数量时,混沌搜索方法可以保证算法收敛到全局最优解,且计算效率很高。     

一种解Euler方程的高效算法

本文介绍了目前解Euler（欧拉）方程的一般情况,认为采用多重网格对角隐格式,在块结构网格上解无粘可压流EUler方程是一种高效算法。引进多重网格循环的二种模式,可以考核收敛率、精度和效率;把这种算法运用在在并行机上,计算了绕翼型跨声速流场,结果所给出的压力分布和收敛历程验证了这种算法的精度、收敛率;本文还讨论了在并行运算中,用几个处理机所起的效果。     

针对KMC局部最优问题的飞蛾捕焰优化方法

针对传统飞蛾捕焰(MFO)算法求解复杂函数时后期收敛速度慢与求解精度较低等问题,提出了一种基于快速收敛的飞蛾捕焰(RMFO)算法.采用最大最小距离积的方法来初始化飞蛾群,能够提高算法全局收敛速度并且优化解的质量,同时构造出MFO算法的适应度函数作为寻优函数.将RMFO算法和有K均值聚类算法(KMC)进行交叉迭代,构建基于RMFO优化的KMC算法,求解聚类中心时能够改善聚类性能,可以解决现有KMC算法选取初始聚类中心不确定陷入结果局部最优的问题.实验结果表明,通过用UCI国际通用测试数据库的Iris、Wine和Glass 3种数据集,对RMFO算法和优化KMC算法进行性能测试,提出的RMFO算法更加精准,收敛速度快,不易陷入局部最优解,同时,优化KMC算法的聚类性能更好.     

求解面向进攻的武器-目标分配问题的蚁群算法

面向进攻的武器-目标分配问题是军事运筹学研究中的重要课题,旨在制定合理的打击策略以最大程度摧毁敌方目标。采用一种融合局部搜索和信息素控制的蚁群算法,兼顾控制解的局部收敛速度和全局收敛质量。在解的构造过程中直接处理约束条件,提高生成解的可行性,并大大缩小了搜索空间,提高了算法效率。通过采用多种算法对不同规模的武器-目标分配问题进行实验,结果表明改进的蚁群算法在收敛速度和求解质量上表现优异。     

数字化扩频接收机的自适应抗干扰滤波方案研究

讨论了自适应抗干扰滤波在最小频移键控的直接序列扩频(DS-MSK)数字化接收机中的应用问题,对非线性滤波加以改进,提出了部分解扩非线性滤波(PDNF)结构,将快速更新子带自适应滤波(FRSAF)算法用于PDNF结构以提高收敛速度。结合FRSAF算法的PDNF自适应抗干扰滤波方案在收敛速度、稳健性和输出信噪比等方面明显优于结合LMS算法的传统非线性抗干扰滤波方案,仿真结果验证了上述结论。     

融合动量项的步长自适应盲源分离算法

为进一步缓解盲源分离算法收敛速度与稳态误差之间的矛盾,首先在自然梯度算法的基础上,通过融合动量项改善算法的收敛速度,基于分离性能指标的步长自适应减小稳态误差;然后,给出了所提算法的模型图,同时考虑分离性能和计算复杂度,选择合适的融合动量项算法,并设计了算法的近似最优参数,有效避免了算法的分段收敛;最后,合理选择步长与动量项的权重系数,有效改善了分离性能与收敛速度。仿真结果表明:该算法在一定程度上缓解了上述矛盾,并具有较低的计算复杂度。     

基于云遗传算法的防空导弹目标分配问题

针对传统遗传算法在防空导弹目标优化分配中存在的缺陷，提出了一种更为有效的云遗传算法。通过该算法对防空导弹目标分配模型进行仿真求解，得出防空导弹射击目标的最优目标分配方案。通过算例分析，云遗传算法相比传统遗传算法收敛速度快，搜索效率高出一倍左右，对产生局部最优解情况进行了合理有效的控制，可操作性、优越性更强。     

基于加速鱼群算法的锂离子电池剩余寿命预测

针对极端学习机(ELM)方法在预测建模过程中因参数随机生成导致的结果不确定性,提出了一种加速鱼群算法(AAFSA)优化极端学习机的锂离子电池剩余寿命预测方法.针对基本人工鱼群算法(AFSA)存在的收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解,通过自适应确定感知距离和移动步长加快收敛速度,并在随机移动时增加混沌扰动提高种群多样性改善AF...     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.