多层卫星通信网络结构设计与分析

针对单层卫星网络时延高、网络阻塞概率大等问题,研究了多层卫星网络的系统结构及其特点。结合不同轨道卫星特点,引入分层卫星网络结构,采用Walker和极轨星座覆盖带设计法,设计了多层卫星网络星座。采用"弱连接"模型作为星际链路建立的基本原则,并对星座的覆盖性能和星际链路特性进行了仿真分析,结果表明,多层卫星网络在覆盖特性和星际链路性能上更具优势。     

LEO/MEO双层卫星网络设计及仿真

针对单层卫星网络功能单一、可靠性较低以及三重卫星网络链路冗余度过高、实现复杂的问题,提出了利用LEO/MEO卫星构建双层网络的构想.基于"最坏观察点"与"覆盖带"理论设计了"弱连接"的LEO/MEO双层卫星网络星座,给出了星际链路建立原则.仿真结果表明,所设计的卫星网络具有全天时全球覆盖能力,有利于星际链路的建立.     

基于可靠性的卫星服务功能链保护方法

在基于SDN架构的混合卫星网络上讨论了服务功能链(Service Function Chain, SFC)的可靠性部署问题,首先对SFC可靠性保护的问题进行描述,建立了底层网络与SFC请求模型,然后建立了网络服务功能的可靠性需求模型与低轨卫星链路的可靠性需求模型,明确了优化目标与约束条件。接着提出基于可靠性的卫星服务功能链保护方法,包括基于深度强化学习的可靠性保护算法和基于低轨卫星节点与链路可靠性备份算法。实验表明,提出的基于可靠性的卫星服务功能链保护方法能在SDN架构的混合卫星网络上提高SFC请求接受率,减少平均时延,在不同的SFC可靠性需求的条件下也保持较高的请求接受率。     

卫星网络中面向TCP报文传输的资源调度算法

为了增强卫星网络中TCP协议的性能,首先提出了一种卫星链路下的TCP性能模型,该模型可以反映出带宽约束下TCP性能相关参数对有效吞吐率的影响;其次,基于该模型提出了一种动态规划解决方案,通过求解吞吐率代价函数,得到优化的数据传输策略,该方案不仅能够方便地平衡卫星基站对TCP吞吐率或公平性的要求,还可帮助TCP协议适应卫星衰减链路的各项特征变化。仿真试验表明:该算法能够有效地改进卫星传输TCP的性能。     

多波束卫星网络的物理层安全性能指标研究

安全性是卫星通信网络充分发挥其优势的必要保证。将物理层安全传输技术引入多波束卫星通信网络,可望有效提高卫星通信系统的抗截获和抗侦测能力。分析了卫星通信的物理层安全应用需求,设计了一套波束成形和功率控制相结合的多波束卫星下行链路物理层安全传输策略,建立了信道模型和信号模型,构建了一套多波束卫星网络下行链路的物理层安全性能评价指标,并对指标进行了定性和定量的分析。     

降雨损耗对Q频段地球静止轨道下行链路I/N分布的影响

针对Q频段通信链路受降雨、云雾及大气吸收等天气条件影响较大的传播特性,基于对Q频段地球静止轨道卫星下行链路传播损耗的分析,研究降雨损耗在地球站共址的干扰场景下对I/N分布的影响。提出与降雨分布相结合的Q频段下行链路传播损耗计算方法,建立基于降雨衰减超出门限值的时间百分比p%的I/N函数模型,分析p%对I/N分布的影响,预测年均干扰分布情况。采用该计算方法对ITU实际登记的CHINASAT-G-115.5E卫星网络进行分析,结果表明：p%越低,通信链路受降雨衰减的影响越明显。当p<0.5时,衰减门限值变化较快;在地球站和干扰卫星轨道经度固定的情况下,p%越小,年均1-p%时间内I/N的最小值越小。该方法可应用到研究其他轨道卫星的干扰分布中,为干扰规避提供参考。     

卫星网络组网关键技术

随着科学技术的发展,卫星网络在通信技术方面发挥的作用越来越重要,卫星网络组网关键技术的研究越来越受到学术界与工业界的重点关注.从卫星网络研究的背景与意义出发,比较了卫星网络包括同步卫星网络与低轨卫星网络的优缺点,详细介绍了几种典型的低轨卫星星座网络,分别从卫星切换、路由、卫星网络虚拟化三个方面分析了卫星网络组网的研究现...     

基于GEO/LEO两层星座的卫星组网结构分析

提出了一种基于GEO/LEO两层星座的卫星组网结构,在两层星座中建立了立体交叉的层内、层间星际链路,实现了GEO/LEO两层卫星星座的优势互补,具有组网灵活、管理简单等特点.通过快照周期定义了星座中各卫星的逻辑位置,并基于逻辑位置提出了对LEO卫星的分群和分组管理:包括LEO卫星的逻辑分群,群内LEO卫星的分组,以及分组内组长LEO卫星的选取和备份机制.在该卫星组网结构中,各星座协同运行,数据传输方式多样,能提高卫星网络的性能.     

基于拓扑变化预计算的多层卫星网络路由协议

设计了一种基于拓扑变化预计算的多层卫星网络路由协议.与已有协议不同,该协议在网络拓扑变化前完成路由计算,并采用了自适应的链路状态报告方式.从路由计算时机和链路状态报告方式2方面分析了协议的合理性.与常规路由协议相比,此路由协议收敛更快,更能适应多层卫星网络拓扑变化频繁的特点.     

基于处理时延的卫星网络TCP拥塞控制算法

针对低轨卫星网络拓扑结构动态改变引起的往返时延剧烈变化造成传统TCP Vegas直接应用于LEO卫星网络时算法性能下降严重的问题,提出了一种基于处理时延的改进型TCP拥塞控制算法——TCP Vegas_PD。该算法通过屏蔽空间链路传播时延对算法性能的影响,利用星上最大处理时间作为拥塞窗口调整的依据,更加精准地反映了网络状态,提高了卫星资源利用率。仿真结果表明,Vegas_PD算法在系统吞吐率上较Vegas算法有明显提高,并表现出了较好的公平性。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.