新军事变革对国防动员建设的挑战及对策

正在迅猛发展的世界军事变革,不仅推动着军队建设发生革命性变化,也对国防动员建设带来一系列新的挑战。我们必须牢牢把握世界军事变革的发展大势,积极顺应中国特色军事变革的客观需求,更新动员观念,调整动员思路,创新动员实践,不断提高国防动员建设水平。新军事变革对国防动员建设提出的新要求近期几场局部战争表明,新军事变革在导致武器装备、军事理论、战争形态、军队体制编制发生重大变化的同时,也对国防动员的模式、内容、方法以及功能观、效益观提出了新的要求。一是科技含量要高。现代战争在很大程度上表现为高技术力量的较量,动员生…     

推进“三个机制”有机衔接的几点思考

中央军委主席胡锦涛指出:要努力实现国防动员机制与军队指挥体制机制、政府应急管理机制的有机衔接,增强国防动员平时应急、战时应战的快速反应能力。搞好"三个机制"的有机衔接,是新形势新任务对深化拓展军事斗争动员准备的客观要求,是破解国防动     

要拓宽国防动员建设的思路

举世瞩目的伊拉克战争,是一场典型的以科技和信息技术为主导的“不对称作战”。在战争准备和实施过程中,交战双方都进行了全方位的政治、兵员、经济、运力和科技等动员。这场战争动员告诉我们,现代高技术局部战争,动员的范围大、数量多、科技含量高,对动员的内容、质量、时限提出了更高要求。认真研究伊拉克战争动员的特点和规律,对深刻反思我们的国防动员工作,不断拓宽建设思路具有重要的现实意义。 一、要把加强国防动员建设作为战时应战、平时应急的战略任务来抓。伊拉克战争表明,高技术条件下的局部战争,不论是军事强国还是弱国,都离不开战争动员的支撑。战争动员成功与否,对战争进程和结局产生着重大的影响。目前,我们面临的国际国内安全环境仍很严峻,加强国防和军队建设是维护国家统一、全面建设小康社会的安全保障。我们要按照党的十六大报告的要求,把国防     

对国防信息动员几个问题的认识

研究探索国防信息动员的特点规律,对于促进国防信息动员建设具有重要意义。本文仅就国防信息动员的几个问题谈谈初步认识。一、搞好平时与战时的有机结合信息化战争呈现出的“首战即决战”特点,对信息动员的速度和效能提出了更高要求。为使信息动员符合信息化战争的要求,在信息动员的各项准备中,必须树立平战结合意识,努力搞好平时与战时的有机结合。在信息基础设施建设上,国家重要的信息基础设施建设要考虑军事用途,军队要积极参与国家重大信息基础设施工程建设,实现军地共建、共管、共用、共维。要充分考虑到预设战场和热点地区、敏感地区…     

浅议国防动员委员会转入战时体制

国防动员委员会是负责辖区内国防动员工作的组织领导机构,担负着平时组织领导国防动员建设和战时实施国防动员指挥的重任。因此,组织国防动员委员会快速转入战时体制,对于动员整体力量参战支前以及夺取未来局部战争的胜利将起到至关重要的作用。 一、充分认识国防动员委员会快速转入战时体制的重要性 高技术条件下局部战争不仅是国与国之间军事实力的对抗,而且也是敌对双方“综合国力”与“组织力     

坚持以科学发展观为指导 努力开创战区国防动员建设新局面

胡锦涛主席强调,科学发展观是国防和军队建设的重要指导方针,必须自觉贯彻到国防和军队建设的各个领域和全过程。新世纪新阶段的国防动员建设作为国防和军队建设的重要组成部分,事关国家稳定发展和安全战略全局,只有坚持以科学发展观为指导,才能更好地适应新形势、应对新挑战、开创新局面,实现又快又好地发展。一、要进一步搞好国防动员工作的科学统筹科学统筹是科学发展观蕴含的重要方法论原则。国防动员工作涉及军队与地方,衔接国防与经济,关联平时与战时,是复杂的系统工程,必须注重科学统筹和整体谋划。要依据国家国防动员建设发展规划,…     

对推进国防科技工业军民融合动员的探讨

<正>国防科技工业动员,是指国家为应对战争或其他安全威胁,将有关国防科技工业部门由平时状态转入战时状态或紧急状态,增强战略威慑能力,统一组织和调动国防科技工业人员、设备、设施及成果,组织以军事高技术攻关和武器装备应急生产为主要内容的国防动员活动。国防科技工业动员作为保障战争或紧急状态军队遂行任务的武器装备需求的资源调配与物质生产活动,是形成国家战略威慑力、战争制衡力和军队实战化遂行任务能力的基础工程。     

调整工作思路 尽快实现“四个转变”

新时期军事战略方针提出,要把军事斗争准备的基点放在打赢现代技术特别是高技术条件下的局部战争上,实现我军建设由数量规模型向质量效能型、由人力密集型向科技密集型转变。为适应这些要求,后备力量建设必然要实行相应的转变。 第一,在动员方式上,要由全面动员向局部快速动员转变。战争动员是一个国家或军队由平时状态转为战时状态而采取的重要应急措施。过去,由于我们     

加强后备装备技术保障力量建设

现代科技的飞速发展及其在军事装备领域的广泛应用,使装备技术保障力量动员的地位、作用越来越突出。与之相适应,不仅军队转型建设中要不断增强现役装备技术保障力量,而且国防动员建设中也要大力加强后备装备技术保障力量。一、健全机制规范秩序装备技术保障力量动员体制是国防动员体制的组成部分,是将国家和社会装备技术保障潜力迅速转化为装备技术保障实力和能力的杠杆,是平时动员建设和战时动员实施的组织保证。只有建立规范协调、灵活快捷的装备技术保障力量动员体制,才能快速高效实现装备技术保障力量动员目标。(一)建立协调的动员机构…     

更新理念 把握重点 提升质量

加速推进民兵和预备役部队信息化建设,是国防后备力量适应世界新军事变革,确保战时实施快速动员扩编,平时应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的关键环节和必然要求。因此,民兵和预备役部队信息化建设,既要在提高快速动员能力上做文章,又要适应完成多样化军事任     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.