吸油树脂对硝基苯吸收性能的研究

考察了两种吸油树脂对硝基苯的吸收能力,并利用分光光度法等手段研究其对含硝基苯工业废水的净化能力。结果表明:对硝基苯而言,2号树脂的吸收性能优于1号,其最大吸油率和最大吸油时间分别为8.4g/g和20min。对含硝基苯工业废水而言,吸附60min后,1号树脂和2号树脂的净化率分别达到85.8%和95.2%;0~20min内,1号树脂和2号树脂的平均净化速率分别为2.30%/min和2.09%/min;20~60min内,平均净化速率分别为0.97%/min和1.33%/min。     

成膜树脂对防静电涂层高温电阻率影响研究

采用石英灯加热、电阻率动态测试的方法,研究了成膜树脂对防静电涂层高温电阻率的影响.结果表明,成膜树脂对防静电涂层室温和高温表面电阻率都有明显影响.不同类型的树脂,其涂层表面电阻率升高的起始温度和电阻率峰值不同.单组分树脂起始温度低,峰值小;而双组分树脂起始温度高,峰值大.     

双电层吸附离子的动力学研究

以电化学理论和双电层理论为依据建立模型,分析了离子在稀溶液中的动力学规律,并自制实验装置检验了双电层对NaCl稀溶液吸附离子的能力.电极吸附实验的结果表明,对特定的电吸附装置,存在溶液温度、流量和电极电势的最佳参数组合.     

防灭火三相泡沫形成和稳定的影响因素

为研究含超细粉体的防灭火三相泡沫的形成和稳定过程及其影响因素,在实验室中通过机械搅拌的方式制备三相泡沫,重点研究不同泡沫液、不同粉体类型以及泡沫液质量分数、粉体添加量和粉体粒径对三相泡沫发泡、稳泡性能的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂有利于三相泡沫的形成,且泡沫发泡性能随泡沫液质量分数的增大而提高。轻质、亲水性颗粒与非离子表面活性剂共存有利于三相泡沫的生成和稳定,粉体添加量增大会增强泡沫稳定性,但添加量过大则会影响泡沫的发泡性能。搅拌强度和发泡倍数对泡沫稳定性也有影响,发泡倍数过高会影响泡沫的稳定性。     

非平衡机制下激光与等离子体相互作用机理

采用三温度热化学非平衡模型,考虑了激光能量在空气等离子体中的共振吸收和逆韧致吸收机制,用有限差分NND格式对控制方程组进行数值离散.对等离子体点火过程进行耦合计算,并研究了不同入射激光强度条件下等离子体吸收波的形成和演化机制,讨论了粘性扩散效应对等离子体吸收波的影响.结果表明,在初始温度300K,大气压力条件下,生成ZND模式的LSD波所需最小激光强度为5.0×106 W/cm2.     

热处理对FeCrNiCoCu高熵合金涂层的影响

采用自动化高速电弧喷涂技术,并结合FeCrNiCoCu粉芯丝材制备了高熵合金复合涂层,使用差示扫描量热法分析了涂层中非晶结构的转变温度.同时,对涂层进行了不同温度条件的热处理,研究了热处理前后涂层的组织结构、硬度及其磨损性能.结果显示:高熵合金涂层在500℃附近发生了非晶结构的晶化转变;热处理前涂层中主要含有CuNi、Fe3Ni2、Cr2Ni3等组成的面心立方结构固溶体和少量Fe3O4相,热处理后,氧化物Fe3O4峰强度随着加热温度的升高而增强,并且当温度超过500℃后,涂层中出现了Ni-Cr-Fe相;涂层的显微硬度随着热处理温度的升高而升高,在500℃出现最高值,涂层表现出了明显的回火硬化特征,耐磨损性能较热处理前的涂层有明显提高.     

石英纤维增强苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料研究

对苯并(啞心)嗪树脂应用于RTM工艺制备石英纤维增强复合材料进行了研究.系统考察了该树脂的工艺性能及力学性能,制备并测试了石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料的力学性能及耐烧蚀性能,并将相关性能与钡酚醛与石英/钡酚醛进行了比较.结果表明,在85℃～145℃温度区间内苯并(啞心)嗪树脂粘度保持在800mPa·s以下,树脂具有较宽的低粘度温度平台和较长的低粘度保持时间.力学性能及耐烧蚀性能研究表明,石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料的层间剪切强达到了61.5MPa,拉伸强度和弯曲强度显著优于石英,钡酚醛复合材料,质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为0.0510g·s-1和0.032mm·s-1.石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料是一种可采用RTM工艺制备的耐烧蚀材料.     

温度对锂硫电池放电过程的影响

为深入研究液相扩散过程对锂硫电池放电过程的影响,采用充放电测试、循环伏安测试了不同温度下锂硫电池的电化学性能,采用电子扫描显微镜观察分析了不同温度下放电后的正极形貌.实验结果表明,温度降低引起电解液粘度增加,离子在电解液中的扩散系数降低;当温度低于10℃时,锂硫电池的放电性能明显恶化,低放电平台容量的降低是电池性能恶化的主要原因.循环伏安测试分析表明,锂硫电池的低放电平台是扩散控制过程,受温度影响较大.离子在电解液中的扩散过程受限引起碳骨架的钝化,进而造成低放电平台活性物质未充分反应,这是锂硫电池放电过程受温度影响的主要原因.     

PPy@Ti3C2Tx@rGO复合材料吸波性能研究

为了进一步改善电磁波吸收材料的阻抗匹配特性,提高吸波性能,利用原位聚合法和水热法合成PPy@Ti3C2Tx@rGO气凝胶三元复合材料.通过增加PPy@Ti3C2Tx二元复合材料的配比调节rGO的高介电性能,增加复合材料电磁波损耗机制,提高材料吸波性能.结果表明,当PPy@Ti3C2Tx二元材料与GO的配比为2∶1时,P...     

温度和压力对玻璃纤维增强环氧复合材料吸湿特性的影响

采用称量法研究了温度、压力对浸泡在水中的GF/E-51试件吸湿性的影响;通过短梁剪切实验研究了温度、压力和浸泡时间对GF/E-51剪切强度的影响,使用体视显微镜观察了浸泡60d后GF/E-51的截面形貌。结果表明:温度对试件的吸湿影响较大,与30℃时相比,50℃时的平衡吸湿量增了145.0%,扩散系数增加了47.6%,50%吸湿量以前的平均吸湿速率增加了3倍,温度升高,加速了GF/E-51试件吸湿由Fick扩散到非Fick扩散的转变;压力对复合材料吸湿及吸湿试样的剪切强度有明显的影响:压力升高,抑制了树脂基体的溶胀,延缓了GF/E-51试件吸湿由Fick扩散到非Fick扩散的转变,减轻了溶胀对剪切强度影响,浸泡60d后,剪切强度保留率保持不变,但5atm/30℃水中试件剪切强度保留率比1atm/30℃条件下高3.97%、比1atm/50℃条件下高5.17%。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.