基于贝叶斯网络的态势评估算法研究

论述了基于贝叶斯网络专家系统的特点,研究了贝叶斯网络的推理模型以及基于此模型的信息传播算法,分析了基于态势评估的决策过程,并详细阐述了基于贝叶斯网络的态势评估算法在空 - 空作战态势推演中的应用.研究结果表明,此算法能够比较准确地反映态势评估过程,可较好地应用于决策支持系统中.     

基于贝叶斯网络的武器装备体系作战效能评估方法

武器装备体系的作战效能呈现非线性、对抗性、动态性等特点,武器装备体系的建设发展对评估模型的应用分析提出更高的要求。由于贝叶斯网络具备对武器装备体系的效能与指标之间的非线性关系的良好映射能力、对动态过程良好的描述能力、良好的推理分析的能力,基于贝叶斯网络的作战效能评估成为了该领域目前的研究热点之一。论述了武器装备体系的作战效能评估以及贝叶斯网络的发展现状,及基于贝叶斯网络的作战效能评估方法的研究现状,指出了基于贝叶斯网络的武器装备体系作战效能评估方法的发展方向。     

空地对抗决策中粗糙贝叶斯理论应用

模糊逻辑作为模糊语言描述系统,既可以描述应用系统的定量模型也可以描述其定性模型,粗糙贝叶斯在具有内在不确定性的推理和决策问题中得到了广泛的应用。首先分析了使用粗糙贝叶斯网络进行态势评估知识表示问题;其次提出了构建粗糙贝叶斯网络进行态势评估的步骤;最后给出一个具体的实例,演示了在防空作战战场中使用粗糙贝叶斯网络进行态势评估的过程。     

基于DBNs的反导态势评估模型研究

为了实现多导弹攻击下的反导战场态势评估,首先建立了用于单枚导弹态势评估的贝叶斯网络(BN)模块,其次以该模块为基础提出了一种用于反导战场全局态势评估的动态贝叶斯网络(DBNs)模型,并给出变结构DBNs推理算法。仿真结果表明,该模型对来袭导弹的数目以及拦截成功与否等事件描述准确且迅速,可以满足多导弹攻击下的态势评估要求,并能够为反导指挥作战提供决策支持。     

基于主成分分析法的反导态势要素提取研究

针对弹道导弹及其攻防作战的特点,深入分析反导作战态势评估的过程,研究影响反导预警态势评估的主要因素,构建了反导战场态势要素集模型。在此基础上,采用主成分分析法进行要素分析与提取,优化重构要素集模型。研究结果为提高反导预警态势评估的准确性和指挥决策的及时性提供了重要依据和保障。     

弹道导弹威胁估计模型构建

简要分析了弹道导弹飞行3个阶段的不同特点及各阶段导弹预警探测手段的侧重点,结合威胁估计的特征构建了弹道导弹威胁估计模型结构框架,运用多阶段贝叶斯网络理论,构造了主动段、自由段和再入段威胁估计模型,并明确了三阶段间的转换时机。采用动态贝叶斯方法对弹道导弹作战全过程进行威胁估计仿真推理,仿真结果能够反映导弹在飞行过程中威胁程度的变化特点,为反导指挥员作出辅助决策提供智力支持。     

基于模块化的动态贝叶斯网络的安全态势评估模型

针对由网络信息系统结构变动引起的安全态势评估时效性差的问题,结合层次网络和模块网络的优点,建立了基于模块化动态贝叶斯网络的态势评估模型。首先,通过判断节点间是否存在有向连接,建立子系统的动态贝叶斯网络模块单元;然后,由若干模块单元和独立节点构建整体的动态贝叶斯网络,并利用约束递归算法学习网络概率参数;最后,通过仿真测试验证该模型的正确性。     

基于动态贝叶斯网络的复杂网络抗毁性分析

复杂网络抗毁性是复杂网络在节点或边遇敌攻击后能继续维持基本功能的能力,是衡量军事信息网络鲁棒性和敏捷性的重要指标。针对复杂网络及对作战体系支撑能力的多指标、复杂化和动态演绎特点,在静态分析方法基础上,提出基于动态贝叶斯网络的抗毁性分析方法。建立了复杂网络抗毁性指标体系。构建了基于动态贝叶斯网络的复杂网络抗毁性评估模型,提出确定评估模型参数的方法。仿真验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于直觉模糊贝叶斯网络的不确定性推理方法

针对模糊贝叶斯网络模型对战场态势信息不确定性描述与推理方面的局限性,利用直觉模糊属性函数表示贝叶斯网络节点概率以及变量间的因果依赖关系,给出了直觉模糊贝叶斯网络(IFBN)的定义,证明了节点直觉模糊性在贝叶斯网络推理中的可传播性,并提出了基于IFBN的不确定性推理方法,有效地提高了贝叶斯网络模型推理的准确性,增强了军事态势评估系统形成正确战场感知的作战效能。最后通过典型实例验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于贝叶斯网络的作战目标评估

在作战指挥决策活动的筹划阶段,对敌体系要害和关键点的分析,当前尚未形成系统方法。针对此问题,利用贝叶斯网络在非精确知识表达与推理领域的优势,提出了综合考虑目标价值、打击难度、打击效果等因素的作战目标评估模型。根据判别贝叶斯网络分类器性能优于生成贝叶斯网络分类器的特点,在经相关领域专家论证的样本数据集的基础上,采取梯度下降法训练得出评估模型各结点条件概率分布。最后,利用Netica仿真软件,经样本数据测试,证明了作战目标评估模型的合理性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.