面向军事领域的动态本体构建技术研究

随着军事数据的爆炸式增长,传统的基于专家知识建立的静态本体存在对专家主观知识依赖性强、可移植性差、学习能力差等问题,已无法动态地适应数据的变化以及大规模知识图谱的自动更新。针对军事领域应用场景,提出一种面向军事领域的动态本体构建技术,通过初始本体设计、数据映射、形式背景合并、本体更新4个环节完成本体概念的更新。该技术可以随着信息的变化自动更新本体模型,方便多源异构数据的更新集成和知识图谱的构建。最后,以俄乌冲突知识图谱为案例进行分析验证。该动态本体构建技术能够有效发现新的事件类型及相关要素,实现多源异构数据的更新、融合及基于知识图谱的军事活动规律推理。     

基于BP神经网络的C4ISR系统人机交互性能评估

针对C4ISR系统中人机交互子系统的特点,运用神经网络方法探索其性能评估问题.建立了C4ISR系统人机交互性能评估的指标体系,阐述了BP神经网络的相关原理及算法,构建了基于此网络的性能评估模型.并利用MATLAB软件进行了仿真分析,证明了理论的正确.采用神经网络理论进行性能评估,可弥补专家的经验和知识,降低评价过程中的人为因素影响,保证其客观性.模型能够比较准确地对C4ISR系统人机交互性能进行评估,为研究指挥自动化系统提供了一种新的思路.     

对军事移动通信网中网络拓扑发现方法的分析

移动战术通信网络中节点随机地加入和离开网络,会造成网络拓扑结构变化大、网络拓扑结构复杂度增加等问题,因此,能够准确及时地把握军事移动网络拓扑的动态变化,获得正确完整的网络拓扑信息对整个网络的运行就显得至关重要,而且网络拓扑发现是网络管理系统的重要组成部分。分类归纳了几种常用的网络拓扑发现的方法,分析了实现这些方法的拓扑算法,并针对每种算法详细列出了其优缺点,为实现军事移动通信网拓扑发现的新方法提供依据。     

知识图谱的预警探测体系探测效能贝叶斯评估方法

战争中,预警探测体系作为典型的复杂系统,其探测效能发挥情况的有效评估一直是亟需人们研究解决的重要现实问题.突破了传统效能评估方法的局限,在分析了知识图谱技术、贝叶斯评估方法基本原理的基础上,提出了基于两者综合运用的预警探测体系探测效能评估新方法,利用专家知识和实验数据构建知识图谱,并进一步使用贝叶斯网络方法实施知识推理...     

软件定义的航天器测试网络技术

航天器测试网络是航天器自动化测试运行、测试数据监测分析等测试业务运行的信息通道,它的性能将极大影响航天器试验测试效率与试验数据的应用效能。针对传统航天器测试网络存在的物理独立部署、人工迁移、存在数据孤岛以及无法高效交换共享的不足,本文参考借鉴软件定义网络技术,设计了基于虚拟局域网及软件定义网络技术的软件定义航天器测试网络。该测试网络技术具备良好的软件重构、区域隔离、测试信息汇聚共享性能,能够通过软件重构,自动化迁移部署航天器测试网络;通过网络区域逻辑隔离,确保各航天器测试指令运行区域受控、安全;通过全局测试数据汇聚实现多航天器测试数据的交换共享,从而有效解决了航天器测试网络快速部署、测试指令安全运行与测试数据交换共享的问题,有力推动了装备试验数据工程的建设工作。     

电话地球站 (TES) 网管仿真训练系统的设计与实现

在 TES通信网络中 ,网管起着关键的作用 ,对网管操作人员提出了特殊的要求。本着提高网管操作人员的业务水平 ,保证 TES通信网络的正常运营 ,使用最新的多媒体技术、计算机技术、可视化技术、交互仿真技术、关系数据库技术和面向对象的程序设计方法 [1 ] [2 ] ,设计开发出一套比较完善的网管仿真训练系统。该仿真训练系统完全实现了网管中心的主要功能 ,给网管操作人员提供了一套新颖高效的训练环境和训练方法     

装备“互联网+”平台化综合保障的技术应用

"互联网+"的一个特点是从数据出发,挖掘数据中隐含的本质规律,提升信息的利用率,向用户有针对性地开展业务。在数字化装备时代,装备的研制数据与使用数据信息都是海量的。这些数据资源中隐含的规律信息正是研制部门服务用户的重要资源,也是改进设计、提升装备性能的宝贵财富。综合保障信息系统的核心,是利用数据信息与信息技术为装备的保障工作服务,正符合"互联网+"的理念。本文从"互联网+"技术的理念与途径出发,根据装备保障数据信息资源应用的特点,结合在综合保障信息系统应用中的实践,探索信息化装备保障的技术发展方向。     

基于国防费投向投量的作战体系发展趋势预测模型研究

利用知识图谱、复杂网络和数学建模方法,基于国防费投向投量数据,构建作战体系预测模型。首先,建立“作战概念—作战体系—作战能力—武器装备/技术研发”知识图谱;然后,将国防费中装备采购和技术研发的真实数据,对应聚合到知识图谱对应的节点中;最后,利用复杂网络方法构建数学模型,预测外军作战体系发展方向和重点,辨析作战概念真伪。     

基于规则推理和自然语言理解的坦克火控知识库系统

针对坦克火控系统设计中如何充分利用专家经验性知识的问题,从坦克火控知识库系统设计面临的两个主要问题出发,提出基于规则推理的知识库系统构建方案,并针对其中的知识表示、知识检验和知识推理技术进行了研究,同时在知识获取这一瓶颈问题的研究中引入自然语言理解技术来进行专家经验性知识的自动获取。整个系统的设计与实现能够起到将专家经验与设计过程相结合的辅助作用。     

装备“互联网+”平台化综合保障的技术应用

“互联网+”的一个特点是从数据出发，挖掘数据中隐含的本质规律，提升信息的利用率，向用户有针对性地开展业务。在数字化装备时代，装备的研制数据与使用数据信息都是海量的。这些数据资源中隐含的规律信息正是研制部门服务用户的重要资源，也是改进设计、提升装备性能的宝贵财富。综合保障信息系统的核心，是利用数据信息与信息技术为装备的保障工作服务，正符合“互联网+”的理念。本文从“互联网+”技术的理念与途径出发，根据装备保障数据信息资源应用的特点，结合在综合保障信息系统应用中的实践，探索信息化装备保障的技术发展方向。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.