一种舰船磁场信息保护方法

针对舰船在经过他国港口和主要航道期间磁场信息易被测获的问题,提出了通过调整消磁绕组控制磁场幅值和磁矩来实现磁场信息保护的方法。首先,分别计算消磁系统最优状态下(最大限度减小磁场幅值)工作和关闭时舰船磁场的幅值和磁矩,以绕组电流为优化对象、以控制磁场幅值到设定水平和减小磁矩相关性为目标,建立数学模型;然后,采用粒子群算法求解绕组电流;最后,通过船模实例验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明:该方法能够有效保护舰船磁场幅值、磁矩和磁场通过曲线特性等磁场信息。     

舰船消磁系统S矩阵及其测量方法

建立了舰船消磁系统舰磁干扰量模拟法的S矩阵数学模型 ,该模型可以用来模拟产生任意地磁场作用下和舰船任意姿态时消磁系统电流变化关系 .提出了利用不同主航向上舰船消磁系统电流与横摇角、地磁场和感应干扰量的变化关系来测量和分析S矩阵元素的方法 ,为解决舰船消磁系统快速抗干扰和跨纬度区调整问题奠定了理论基础 .     

求解舰船消磁系统S矩阵的一种新方法

利用舰船感应干扰系数矩阵和消磁系统传感器检查绕组电磁常数定义了舰船消磁系统模拟特征矩阵———S矩阵.进一步阐述了用S矩阵模拟产生舰船消磁系统在任意地点和任意姿态下的真实消磁电流的原理方法.在定义消磁系统电流状态矩阵基础上,推导了S矩阵各元素新的数学表达式,从而得到S矩阵一种新的求解和测量方法.     

大型舰船分区消磁理论研究

针对以往舰船消磁系统采用单一消磁电流回路所带来的诸多弊端,对某型舰首次提出分区消磁的思想.在理论分析计算的基础上,进行了模型试验研究.所得有关数据和结论对于舰船消磁系统设计、建造及调整等都有重要的参考价值.     

基于Matlab优化工具箱和VB语言的消磁电流决策

针对舰船消磁电流决策问题,利用Matlab优化工具箱对舰船模型进行了消磁实验,取得了良好的消磁效果.还应用VisualBasic语言与Matlab混合编程,开发了实用的消磁电流决策软件,能够提高消磁电流的决策效率.     

基于神经网络的绕组电流闭环控制方法

在解决闭环消磁绕组电流优化计算问题时,会面临将外部磁场推算误差带入电流反演计算或完备的基函数难以确定等问题。为了降低这些因素对舰船最终补偿效果的影响,从智能优化的角度出发,在讨论散布常数对模型预测误差的影响后,确定了适宜的散布常数,建立了内部磁场与补偿电流之间的径向基函数神经网络预报模型。该方法通过样本对网络进行训练,无须推算内外磁场,就能直接得到使绕组磁场与目标磁场拟合误差最小的补偿电流向量。对比其他数值建模方法,其换算精度有所提高,且选择不同的同维向量作为基函数对补偿结果影响较小。船模实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

舰船任意姿态下消磁系统电流变化关系

推导出舰船消磁系统电流在任意航向上有纵倾和横摇时的变化关系；利用主磁航向上消磁系统电流与各干扰量以及地磁场的联系，提出了在磁东航向上利用舰船横摇时消磁系统电流变化关系对垂向感应干扰进行分离的方法，为在同一地点实现对舰船消磁系统跨纬度区抗干扰调整提供了可能．     

舰艇感应磁场补偿多目标优化设计方法研究

针对现有单一目标优化存在的多目标无法兼顾导致非优化目标劣化的问题,提出了基于差异进化算法的多目标优化设计方法。首先,建立了以上方峰值最小、下方峰值最小、下方磁场梯度最小为目标的消磁绕组来调整多目标函数;然后,分别完成了以上、下方峰值同时最小,上、下方峰值及下方磁场均方根值同时最小为控制目标的设计验证。结果表明:该方法能快速得到满足不同战术指标的消磁绕组电流配置,供决策者按照自己的意图从中选择适合实际需要的满意方案。     

基于地磁模式组的舰船消磁电流调整器

利用泰勒多项式的建模方法建立了地磁模式组 ,该模式组能够满足消磁电流调整器的应用要求 ,且具有很好的稳定性 ,均方根偏差很小 ,实际应用也比较方便 .在此基础上 ,提出了基于地磁模式组的无探头消磁电流调整器 ,该消磁电流调整器具有结构简单、可靠性高、水上水下通用及免除抗干扰调整等优点     

消磁系统绕组调整计算

本文将求解超定方程组的有关理论用于消磁系统绕组的调整计算,根据消磁绕组调整的要求和特点,分别用直交化方法求最小二乘解和用波利亚算法或上升算法求极小极大解,试算均获成功。同时,为简化实船调整计算步骤,本文建议在首次调整时计算并记录广义逆矩阵,以备后续调整使用。对于减小测量误差的途径和最佳调整状态的估算等问题,也作出了若干探索。文末附有计算实例。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.